MUTATIONS AND DNA TECH Flashcards
What are mutagens
Xrays
UV light
Toxic chemicals
Viral infections
Extreme heat
What are the two types of mutations
- chromosomal mutations / chromosome aberrations
- gene mutations
What is a gene mutation
- occurs as a result of a change in the nucleotide sequence in DNA molecule resulting in faulty protein or no protein at all
What is a gene mutation
- occurs as a result of a change in the nucleotide sequence in DNA molecule resulting in faulty protein or no protein at all
Where do gene mutations occur
- DNA replication
- transcription
- crossing over during prophase 1
What are the types of gene mutations
- substitution
- inversion
- deletion
- insertion
What is DNA fingerprinting
Scientists extract DNA from human body cells it is then prepared and arranged in a barcode pattern this known as a DNA profile or fingerprint
- this makes use of non coding DNA
What is the role of polymerase chain reaction in fingerprinting
- amount collected is too small the PCR multiples this and makes exact copies of this DNA to ensure there is enough DNA for testing
What is the use of DNA profiling
- to identify crime suspects im forensic investigations
- as proof of paternity
- to determine the probability and or cause if genetic defect s
- tracing missing persons
- to establish compatibility of tissue types for organ transplants
List 2 views for and agaisnt DNA profiling
For ;- identifying missing persons
- prove paternity
Agaisnt: - inaccuracies can lead to errors
- DNA samples can be planted at a crime scene
Talk about 3 points relating to ethics of DNA sampling
- illegal means of obtaining DNA sampled without consent
- abuse of DNA data by criminals or governments
- confidential genetic information may be accessed from public genome databases without the persons knowledge
