RNA Interference in Medicine Flashcards
RNAi
Down-regulation of gene expression by small RNA molecules that either inhibit translation or cause degradation of mRNAs of genes
miRNAs
Transcribed from genes
Targets mRNAs of specific gene or set of genes
miRNA production
Pri-miR has hairpin turns…cut by DROSHA…exported by exportin 5…pre-miR has hairpin cut by dicer…helicase unzips…incorporated into RISC
RISC mechanism
Incorporates a single strand of miRNA into its sequence…if completelely complementary targets for destruction…if almost completely complementary, represses translation
shRNAs
Short hairpin RNAs that can be introduced into the cell…bypasses the DROSHA and just cleaved by dicer
siRNAs come from where and miRNAs come from where
siRNAs from shRNAs and dsRNAs
miRNAs from pre-miRNA transcripts
Mediate RNAi by
Introducing processed miRNAs and siRNAs into cells…bypasses DROSHA and dicer
miRNAs can come from
Individual genes or from introns…after removed from introns, cut by DROSHA and dicer and used as miRNA
miRNAs can be altered in
Cancers
miRNAs down regulated in cancers and how to treat
Ones that function to decrease expression of proliferation proteins like RAS…can artifically over-express miRNA to fix this
miRNAs up regulated in cancers and how to treat
Ones that decrease tumor suppressor proteins…inhibt these miRNAs
Antagomirs
anti-miRNAs
Can block activity of an miRNA of a dz
Perfectly complementary to the miRNA that you want to block
Bind to single strand form
siRNAs can be administered how in order to get to one area?
Conjugated to a certain molecule
single RNAi treatment is good for
2 weekas
siRNAs are stabilized by modifying what and why
Methylating or fluorinating that 2’OH in order to make it unrecognizable to ribonucleases