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DNA AND RNA > RNA and protein synthesis > Flashcards

RNA and protein synthesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

transcription is between what

A

DNA (template) to pre-mRNA

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2
Q

RNA processing is between

A

pre-mRNA to mRNA

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3
Q

translation is between

A

mRNA to proteins which make polypeptides

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4
Q

3 types of RNA

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
transfer RNA (tRNA)
messenger RNA (mRNA)

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5
Q

the 3 types of RNA is made from

A

DNA by DNA-dependent RNA polymersases

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6
Q

the RNA is made from what direction

A

due to DNA needing to be antiparallel the RNA is made from from DNA in 5’ to 3’ direction and the DNA is read from 3’ to 5’

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7
Q

the DNA template and new RNA are

A

antiparallel

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8
Q

3 stages of transcription

A

initiation
elongation
termination

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9
Q

2 steps of protein synthesis

A

transcription
translation

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10
Q

Initiation in transcription

A

RNA polymerase binds to DNA at the promoter

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11
Q

promoter

A

starting position

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12
Q

Elongation in transcription (look at next slide and understand diagram)

A

RNA nucleotides added to the 3’ end of RNA

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13
Q

termination in transcription

A

stop sequence at end of gene

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14
Q

precursor mRNA

A

orig. mRNA transcript (pre-mRNA) (or rough draft)

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15
Q

enzymes adds what at the end of a precursor mRNA

A

adds cap ot 5’ end of mRNA

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16
Q

why are caps needed for precursor mRNA

A

need cap for eukaryotic ribosome to bind
may protect degradation

17
Q

what gets added at the 3’ end of precursor mRNA

A

polyadenylated tail (poly-a)

18
Q

poly-a

A

when transcript complete,enzymes in nucleus recognize polyadenylation signal and cut mRNA at that site

19
Q

how does poly-a help

A

export mRNA from nucleus ,fight degradation,make translation initiation more efficient

20
Q

interrupted coding sequences

A

long sequences of bases in the protein-coding sequences of the gene that do not code for AA in the final protein product which are called INTRONS

21
Q

introns are

A

noncoding regions

22
Q

Exons

A

(expressed sequences)-part of the protien-coding sequence

23
Q

Introns are removed and splice exons together

A

cont.coding sequence

24
Q

splicesomes

A

variety of proteins and many snRNPs that recognize splice sites

25
Q

small nuclear ribonucleoprotien complexes (snRNP)

A

bind to introns and catalyze the excision and splicing reactions

26
Q

ribozymes

A

catalytic RNA molecules function as enzymes and can splice RNA

27
Q

how are introns cut out

A

loops are made

28
Q

some introns

A

regulate gene expression

29
Q

some genes encode more

A

than 1 kind of polypeptide

30
Q

so number of different proteins an organism can produce is much

A

greater than its number of genes

DNA AND RNA (6 decks)

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