RNA and Genetic Code

Question 1

Central Dogma

Answer 1

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

A unit of DNA that encodes for a specific protein or RNA molecular, which can be expressed via transcription and translation

Question 3

Types of RNA

Answer 3

1) Messenger RNA
2) tRNA
3) rRNA

Question 4

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 4

Carries the message from DNA in the nucleus via transcription of the gene; it travels into the cytoplasm to be translated.

Question 5

Transfer RNA (rRNA)

Answer 5

Bring the amino acids and recognizes the codon on the mRNA using its anticodon.

When bound to AA, it is charged.

Question 6

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 6

Synthesized in the nucleolus and functions as an integral part of the ribosomal machinery used during protein assembly in the cytoplasm.

Makes up the ribosome and its enzymatically active.

Question 7

Codon

Answer 7

A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.

Question 8

Start codon

Answer 8

AUG

think starts school in AUGest

Question 9

Stop codons

Answer 9

1) UGA - U Go Away
2) UAG - U Are Gone
3) UAA - U Are Annoying

Question 10

Point Mutations

Answer 10

Specific mutations one piece of a codon:

1) Silent
2) Nonsense
3) Missense

Question 11

Silent mutations

Answer 11

Causes no effect in the protein sequence due to redundancy in the wobble position.

Question 12

Nonsense (truncation)

Answer 12

Mutation that produces a premature stop codon.

Question 13

Missense mutation

Answer 13

Mutation that produces a codon that codes for a different amino acid.

Question 14

Frameshift mutation

Answer 14

Mutation that results from nucleotide addition or deletion, and change the reading frame of subsequent codons.

Question 15

RNA vs DNA

Answer 15

RNA has:
1) A ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose
2) Substitution of uracil for thymine
3) Single-stranded instead of double-stranded

Question 16

Monocistronic

Answer 16

The coding pattern of eukaryotes in which one mRNA molecule codes for only one protein.

Question 17

Polycistronic

Answer 17

The coding pattern of prokaryotes, in which one mRNA may code for multiple proteins.

Question 18

Transcription

Answer 18

The creation of mRNA from a DNA template.

Question 19

DNA strands to be transcribed

Answer 19

1) Coding strand
2) Template strand

Question 20

RNA polymerase

Answer 20

Enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template

1) Reads 3’ to 5’ but adds 5’ to 3’
2) Does no proof reading
3) Continues until it reaches a termination signal.

Question 21

hnRNA

Answer 21

Heterogeneous RNA.

RNA that has been freshly transcribed and has not underwent any post transcriptional modifications.

Question 22

Splicesome

Answer 22

a complex of specialized RNA and protein subunits that removes introns from a transcribed pre-mRNA segment.

Contain:
1) snRNA
2) snRNPs or “snurps”