RNA Flashcards
In order to use DNA code, it needs to be read by ___.
ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
RNA is the copy of ____.
One DNA strand, called the template strand.
How does RNA differ from DNA?
sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose.
Thymine is replaced by Uracil
RNA is single stranded.
What is protein made of?
Amino acid
What is transcription?
the process where mRNA is created.
what is mRNA?
messenger RNA
What is translation?
the process where genetic information from mRNA is converted into a sequence of amino acids.
what is RNA polymerase?
an enzyme which creates copies of the template strand. It creates compliment pairs.
if the template strand is C T G A, what will the corresponding RNA strand be?
C T G A –> template
G A C U –> RNA
every three letters in mRNA is ___.
a code for one amino acid.
what is the role of tRNA?
transfer RNA transfers amino acids to cytoplasm, and has a code which bonds to the 3 letters (codon), and decides which amino acid is picked up and delivered to the binding site.
When does transcription occur?
When RNA polymerase unzips section of DNA that corresponds to gene for particular protein that is being synthesized. e.g gene for hormone growth.
How is mRNA created?
When DNA nucleotides unzip, they are unstable. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to exposed strand according to base pairing rules.
What does each codon represent?
Every three bases in mRNA represents an amino acid
Codons are read by the ___.
ribosome
What are stop codons?
stop codons are bases which do not correspond to an amino acid. This stops the process of translation.
Explain the process of translation.
mRNA is decoded three bases at a time. Each 3-base sequence is called a codon.
The codons are read by the ribosome, and mRNA is assembled into proteins.
tRNA carries the amino acid that corresponds to its codon, and brings it to the binding site.
What is a polypeptide?
A long chain of amino acids.
How do tRNA leave the ribosome?
as mRNA is read, tRNA moves down the chain.
