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Biology 10 > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is DNA?

A

the genetic blueprint for how each cell behaves.
Holds the instructions for specific proteins.

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2
Q

What does DNA consist of?

A

repeating subunits called nucleotides. Two chains of nucleotides joined at nitrogenous bases by hydrogen bonds.

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3
Q

what is the name of the bond for DNA bases?

A

covalent bonds which join phosphate to sugar, and sugar to base.

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4
Q

What are the 4 different bases, and their complementary pairs?

A

Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T)
A - T, C - G

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5
Q

The two strands of DNA are ___.

A

anti-paralell.

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6
Q

What is the purpose of DNA?

A
  • To instruct cells what proteins to manufacture
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7
Q

Why are proteins important?

A

proteins are the reason for physical characteristics.
Some are called enzymes and regulate reactions taken place in the cell
form hormones and antibodies
- vital for normal function.

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8
Q

What are the strands of DNA called?

A

Chromatin

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9
Q

What does chromatin do before cell dvision?

A

Condenses, shortens, thickens to form chromosomes.

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10
Q

How many chromosomes do you have?

A

46, existing as 23 pairs.

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11
Q

How many chromosomes does do testes and ova have?

A

23 chromosomes.

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12
Q

How many chromosomes do diploid and haploid cells have?

A

diploid - 46
haploid - 23

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13
Q

Of the 23 pairs of chromosomes, __ are autosomes

A

22

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14
Q

What are autosomes?

A

chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes (not X or Y)

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15
Q

Karyotyping

A

The process that examines chromosomes in cells.

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16
Q

how are gametes produced?

A

Meiosis

17
Q

How does chromosomal mutation occur?

A

If gametes have an extra, or missing a chromosome.

18
Q

How are chromosomes identified?

A

A photograph of chromosomes are taken, and stained. They are arranged into pairs
Based on size and banding pattern.

19
Q

What are pairs of DNA called?

A

Homologous chromosomes

20
Q

Name the parts of DNA

A

Deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous bases, hydrogen covalent bonds.

Biology 10 (8 decks)

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