RM final

Question 1

why should we question claims?

Answer 1

to ensure validity
to guard against error
promote critical thinking
avoid misinterpretation
encourage replication
drive further research

Question 2

meaning of p

Answer 2

Probability of chance that what happened did happen by chance
We want the chance that it wasn’t chance to be high
p<0.05

Question 3

APA reference

Answer 3

Canizales, C. (2024). Title in lowercase. Journal. volume#(issue#), pages. doi

Question 4

4 validities

Answer 4

construct
external
statistical
internal

Question 5

construct validity

Answer 5

how well variable was measured

Question 6

external validity

Answer 6

can it be generalized

Question 7

statistical validity

Answer 7

do the numbers support the claim

Question 8

internal validity

Answer 8

do we know what caused any results we see

Question 9

reliability

Answer 9

Does our measure produce similar results when measured at different
times, in different settings, and by different experimenters,

Question 10

forms of reliability

Answer 10

test retest
interater
internal

Question 11

confounds

Answer 11

order
selection
instrumentation
experimenter
history
sampling
regression-mean

Question 12

APA sections

Answer 12

title page
abstract
intro
method
results
discussion
references

Question 13

benefience

Answer 13

research for doing good

Question 14

justice

Answer 14

fairness in results distributed across society

Question 15

respect for persons

Answer 15

treating individuals with respect and confidentiality

Question 16

operational definition

Answer 16

explanation of how variable is being measured, observed or manipulated

Question 17

independent variable

Answer 17

variable researcher controls to see how dependent responds to it

Question 18

dependent variable

Answer 18

what we are measuring, result we are interested in

Question 19

btwn subject design

Answer 19

different groups try different things

Question 20

within subject design

Answer 20

same group tries different things

Question 21

mixed design

Answer 21

mix of both with some trying different things and some trying the same things

Question 22

single factor design

Answer 22

only one thing is being tested

Question 23

factorial design

Answer 23

more than one thing is being tested at the same time, like mixing diff ice cream flavors

Question 24

falsifiability

Answer 24

hypothesis should be testable and potentially disprovable

Question 25

paired sample t test

Answer 25

2 related groups/conditions and want to compare the means (pretest v posttest)

Question 26

independent t test

Answer 26

2 independent groups and want to compare means (male vs female)

Question 27

correlation

Answer 27

to examine relationship btwn 2 continuous variables

Question 28

ANOVA

Answer 28

3 or more groups to compare means to see significance but does not tell you which group is odd one out

Question 29

chi square test

Answer 29

categorical data (bar charts)

Question 30

mann whitney

Answer 30

2 independent groups, ranks