Rizal (Pre_Q1) Flashcards
Filipinos came from ____
Austronesian boatmen
(Indonesians, Malaysians, etc.)
Philippines was named after ____
King Philip II of Spain
___ Originated from balangay or a
boat
Barangay
Each balangay housed warriors /
headhunters / mangangayaws
known as _____
Bagani
_____ was used as a
trophy in Barangays
The decapitated head of a
balangay leader
Warriors mark themselves with
___ for each kill
tattoos
It is a way for datu communities
to unite
Sanduguan
rubbing of each
other’s skin to connect the
blood, forming a blood pact
Pag-aanghud
Anghud means ___
brother
Spaniards think of this
treatment as slavery
Sanduguan and offerings given by pinoys
The year when Spain experienced political instability because of the rise
and fall of leaders caused by the conflict between liberal and conservative
1800’s
Caused Spain to suffer financial
draught, commerce/industry
collapse, population decrease,
and economic
downfall/casualties
- led to the formation of Los
Afracesado, which fought for
liberal reform in the
government
INVASION OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
they created the Cadiz Constitution
of 1812 that transformed the
Monarch into a Constitutional
Monarch, which is more liberal
in nature
LOS AFRACESADO
- implemented aggressive
reforms - passed a law that confiscated
church properties and wipe out
religious orders - anti-friar sentiments were only
prevalent in Spain, not in
Philippines
Queen Isabel
Purposes
- Eliminate monopoly
- Act as a form of trade
between the Philippines and Mexico
GALLEON TRADE
[T/F] Mid 1800 – Manila was opened
for foreign merchants and led
Philippines to achieve
development
True
Suez Canal was built by
Ferdinand Lesseps
- shortened the travelling
time from three months
to 32 days - made Philippine trading
more profitable - made travel work easier
and more accessible - increased the demands
for Filipino products
Suez Canal
Types of Clergis
Regulars and Seculars
▪ prepared for
missionary work
▪ convert the natives
▪ establish religious
communities
▪ belonged to the
religious orders
Regulars
▪ under the
supervision of
bishops
▪ do not belong to
any religious orders
▪ manage religious
communities and
parishes
▪ manage religious
communities and
parishes
Seculars
REGULAR – SECULAR CONFLICT
- began when bishops insisted on
visiting the parishes run by the
regular priests - regular priests refused to accept
visits from bishops since they
are not under the bishop’s
jurisdiction - led to the resignations of regular
priests, which were accepted by
Archbishop Basillio Justa
When was the issuance of the Royal Decree
November 9, 1774
Effects of the Royal Decree
- all parishes and parochial administration were transferred from the regular priests to secular priests
- provided for all secularization
- regular priests were replaced by secular priests
- led to the ordination of Filipinos as secular priests
Supporters of the Royal Decree
o Monsignor Pedro Pelaez- Died from the 1863 earthquake that
destroyed the Manila Cathedral
o Father Mariano Gomez
o Father Jose Burgos
o Father Jacinto Zamora
Known as the failed uprising of
Filipino soldiers and workers
against Governor de
Izquierdo’s decree
The decree was to abolish
the exemption of arsenal
workers from tributo and
polo
Cavite Mutiny
tax payment to spanish government
Tributo
40 days of forced labor for men
aging 16-60 years old
Polo or Polo y Servicio
Led to the death of GOMBURZA
on February 15, 1872
Polo or Polo y Servicio
o they were rewarded lands by
the Spanish government
o failed to develop the
lands
o market for livestock was
relatively small
o relied on the Galleon
trade instead for
economic opportunities
o these undeveloped lands
were donated or sold to
the Dominicans
Conquistadores
120 Spaniards owned ____ which were
lands measuring 1742 hectares
and smaller tracts of land
known as ___
measuring 42.5 hectares
sitio de ganado mayor
caballerias
Land Distribution System
Conquistadores sell the land to the Dominicans (friars) >
[Top] Dominicans (Friars) rent the lands to Inquilinos >
[Middle] Inquilinos make [Bottom] Kasamas work on the land,
People may rent land for
a fixed amount known as
___
canon
> Inquilinos make
Kasamas work on the land, also
known as the ____
Inquilinato
System
AKA Spanish Conqueror
Conquistadores
[Year] Rizal drafted a
petition for the tenants to use in
challenging the legitimacy of
Dominican land titles
January 1888
[Year] Calamba tenants refused to pay rent
* Dominicans brought the case to
several courts
o Justice of the Peace – was the first filed case, to which the Dominicans lost
o Highest court – was the case where the
Dominicans won
February 1888
GOVERNOR GENERAL VALERIANO
WYLER
* Deported 25 people to Bohol in
1891 which included:
- Paciano
- Antonio Lopez (husband of Narcisa)
- Silvestre Ubaldo (widower of Olimpia)
- Manuel Hidalgo (husband of Saturnina)
Spaniards passed bills and built
___ schools per barangay
1-2
[T/F]
Schools for boys taught science, mathematics, English, and other academic pursuits
Schools for girls were more
based on hobbies, entertainment, domestic responsibilities, and spirituality
True
Social Hierarchy
Peninsulares
Insular or Insulares
Mestizo
Spanish Mestizo
Chinese Mestizo
Principalia
Indio
Chino Infiel
pure-blooded Spaniards born in Iberian
Peninsula (Spain)
Peninsulares
pure-blooded Spaniards born in Philippines
Insular or Insulares
Spaniard parent, 1 native
parent
Spanish Mestizo
1 Chinese parent, 1 native
parent
Chinese Mestizo
Due to their access to
education, they became a
threat to the eyes of
Spaniards
Spanish and Chinese Mestizo
wealthy pureblooded native
* Also became threats like
the Mestizos
Principalia
– pure-blooded native of
the Philippines
Indio
non-Catholic
pure-blooded Chinese
Chino Infiel
RELIGIOUS ORDERS
Augustinians
* Franciscans
* Dominicans
* Jesuits
* Augustinian Recollects
Bday Rizal
June 19, 1861
Death Rizal
December 30, 1896
Where Rizal died
Bagumbayan, Luneta Park
Resting Place of Rizal
Paco Cemetery
Rizal’s Father
FRANCISCO MERCADO
- a rich farmer who leased lands from the Dominican priests
- one of the wealthiest in Binan, Laguna
- had the biggest herd of carabaos under his possession
Rizal’s Mother
Dona Teodora Alonso
- a woman of more than ordinary culture, who has read many books
- daughter of a Spanish Cortes member
- his first teacher taught him to pray, read, and concentrate
Rizal Siblings / Birth Order
- Saturnina (1850 - 1913)
- Paciano (1851 - 1930)
- Narcisa (1852 - 1939)
- Olimpia (1855 - 1887)
- Lucia (1857 - 1919)
- Maria (1859 - 1945)
- Jose (1861 - 1896)
- Concepcion (1862 - 1865)
- Josefa (1865 - 1945)
- Trinidad (1868 - 1951)
- Soledad (1870 - 1929)
Meaning of Rizal’s Name
Jose - named after St Joseph because of the feast day of St Joseph
Protacio - From St Gervacio y Protacio
Rizal – rice field
Mercado - Market
Y
Alonso - Mother’s Surname
Realonda - his mother adopted the surname due to 1849 decree to choose Spanish surnames
[T/F] Rizal had the privilege of being
taught by tutors due to his
family being a part of the
principalia
True
[T/F] At 9 years old, he moved to
Binan, Laguna to study and
learn independence
True
[T/F] Rizal took painting classes under
Juancho, who was the father-inlaw of his teacher, Maestro
Justiniano Aquino Cruz
True
Formerly Known as Escuela Pia,
which was originally an
orphanage for boys
Ateneo Municipal
Where Rizal studied ____, a six-year program,
from 1872 to 1877
Bachiller en Artes
During his studies, Jose Rizal
was urged by Paciano to use
Rizal as a surname to hide his
identity of being the brother of
____ favorite student
Jose Burgos’ - one of
the alleged leaders of the
Cavite Mutiny
- Student division system
o Romans or internos -
students boarding inside
Ateneo
o Carthaginians or
externos – non-boarding
students
- In just one month, Rizal was
able to be titled as the ___
or the most outstanding
student in class
emperor
From 1877 to 1878, Rizal studied
___
In his second year, he shifted to
___ due to Dona Teodora’s
failing eyesight
Philosophy and Letters
Medicine
[Year] Rizal made an
agreement with Paciano to
continue studying medicine in
Europe and to prepare for
freeing Philippines from Spain
In 1882
Rizal law
Rep Act 1425
- AKA the long century
- The french revolution happened
- industrial century
- Mexican Revolution
- Opening of Manila World Trafe
19th Century
Consisted of Ilustrados or “the
enlightened ones”
* sponsored informal programs
with activities like poetryreading and debates
CIRCULO HISPANO-FILIPINO
Propaganda Movement
campaigned for reforms such
as:
- for the Philippines to be made a province of Spain so that native Filipinos would have equal rights accorded to Spaniards
- representation of the Philippines in the
Spanish Cortes - secularization of
parishes
Propaganda
Movement’s newspaper
La Soladaridad
When was El
Filibusterismo was finished
July 1891, Brussels
– El Filibusterismo was published
thanks to ____
- September 18, 1891 - Valentin Ventura
Date Rizal returned to
Philippines
June 26, 1892
Date La Liga Filipina
was established by Rizal
July 3, 1892 –
July 6, 1892 Rizal was captured and brought to Fort Santiago due to being accused of
bringing a copy of ____, a satire against the wealthy Dominican friars
Pobres Frailes
DEATH DETAILS
Marching bands - surround the
area to distract people from the
executed person to prevent
their words from being heard
Dogs - represent celebrations
and act as healers for the
martyrs. 2 barks = dead, uneasy = bad omen
Spaniards - put a stone on his
grave to prevent supporters
from finding his body
Donya Teodora - 10 years into
his death, she put Rizal’s
remains in an urn for his
supports to adorn
holds one
bone from Rizal’s spine
- National Museum -
- holds the rest of
Rizal’s remains
Luneta Park -
INFLUENCE OF RIZAL’S DEATH
Rizal’s name - used in various establishments and products such as schools, peso, cigarettes, hospitals, funeral homes, cement products, alcohol, and more.
Statues – were built to commemorate Rizal in
o Madrid (Spain)
o Jinjiang (China)
o Germany
o Chicago (USA)
o Tokyo (Japan)
o Masbate (Leyte)
IMAGERIES IN RIZAL’S STATUE AT
LUNETA PARK
Coat – represents propagandist
movement
* Right side - mother and a “dead” child are found
* Left side - two men reading Noli Me Tangere
* Top side - gold 3 stars
* Back side
- saging (representing his father’s farmer history)
- balanga (nod to Calamba, Laguna)
- araro
Proponents of RIzal Law
Claro M. Recto and
Jose P. Laurel
Signed by: President Ramon Magsaysay
Publication date of Rizal Law RA 1425
June 12, 1956
Quoted “Nationalism is the habit of identifying oneself with a single nation and recognizing no other duty than that of advancing its interests and those of people who find themselves having major commonalities on their own initiatives resulting to their identification of themselves to a single nation”
George Orwell
___ is defined as loyalty and commitment
to a nation, especially a sense of national
consciousness
Nationalism
___ is defined as exalting one nation
above all others and placing main emphasis on the promotion of its
culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational
groups
* Used to define social
Nationalism
- Used to define social norms, cultural changes, economics, foreign relations and trading, education, military and more
- development of one’s identity
and maintaining nationalidentity such as culture, language, literature, gender roles, race, arts, religion, political goals - commonly linked and more even confused with patriotism
- is nothing more than the imagination of a nation
- a state of mind and a sense of loyalty of individual to a given nation/state
Nationalism
loyalty, devotion, allegiance, passion
Nationalism
unvoiced, obedient, submissive, taken-for-granted
Popular Nationalism
used the term “imagined community” to
discuss nationalism
Benedict Anderson
formation of a group of people
with a shared national identity
imagined community
[T/F] Nationalism is innate to people, and it just needs to be awakened and re-awakened. It can be passed from generation to generation
T
Believes that the rich and religion used to abuse the masses by tipping their emotions to invent causes for personal interests
INSTRUMENTALIST THEORY
- claims Nationalism is a sense of modernity
- Materialized with the advent of industrialization, political, cultural and different social conditions
MODERNISATION THEORY
group of people with shared identity, language, culture, heredity and within the specific geographic boundary
Nation
association of people that is characterized by law, government and/or formal institution, territorial boundaries and even by sovereignty
State
RIZAL’S BLUEPRINT OF NATION
BUILDING
- education
- racial pride and dignity
- national consciousness
- re-orientation of values and
attitudes - willingness to sacrifice
Naniniwala mga sinaunang tao na may 2 parts tayo:
panlabas + panloob
To have good panlabas you must have good panloob
to have that you need Ginhawa + kaluluwa
Ginhawa = (food, shelter, protection)
Kaluluwa = mind or sould good conscience, sound mind, sound judgement, good intentions, maaatain lang if may ginhawa
NOTE: no ginhawa means bad kaluluwa
Bagani must have __ + __ in order to serve others
ginhawa + kaluluwa
- rizal was a product of this
- Renaissance in europe terms
- Philippines was still under spanish regime
- spain granted us free education
AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
we can only be a nation if we have: liberty, equality, fraternity, and individual rights
(According to Rizal dinagdag nya individual rights such as voting, education, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of coalition / from groups kaya may freedom to rally wag lang manira)
Haring bayang katagalugan
- “Sovereign nation”
Western civilization
- if we were granted political rights and equal opportunity as spaniards we are free
Andres Bonifacuo
tagalog from ___
taga ilog
we need mabuting kalooban + kaginhawaan + kalayaan
- paano ka magiging malaya if di ka kumakain or wala
Andres Bonifacio
gusto ni bonifacio we treat each other as brothers kaya magkakapatid ang tawag sa KKK… ano ang other tawag sa members of KKK
Anak ng Bayan
Ipinaglabam ng Illustrados ang
- legal equality
- the economic
- the Philippines be represented in the Cortes
- be considered a province of Spain
- the secularization of the parishes
enlightened men
Illustrados
