Rivers Key terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Discharge

A

Amount/volume of water flowing past a particular point over a particular time (measured in cumecs)

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2
Q

Interlocking spurs
What are they?
How are they formed?

A

Overlapping hills

Land made of different resistances of rock, river winds round high resistances of rock and cuts through low resistances

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3
Q

Soft engineering
Definition
Examples

A

Working with natural river processes to manage flood risk

E.g. Flood warnings & preparation, flood plain zoning

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4
Q

Hard engineering
Definition
Examples

A

Using man-made structures to prevent/control natural processes
E.g. Dams and reservoirs, straightening meanders, embankments, flood relief channel

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5
Q

Stem flow

A

When water runs off branches/stems to the ground

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6
Q

Through flow

A

Water flows through soil to river

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7
Q

Groundwater flow

A

Water flows through rock to river (slow)

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8
Q

Interception

A

Rainfall is caught by vegetation

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9
Q

Infiltration

A

Water flows vertically into soil

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10
Q

Percolation

A

Water flows vertically into bed rock

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11
Q

Through fall

A

Water drips from leaf to leaf

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12
Q

Overland flow

A

Water travels over the ground (fast)

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13
Q

Channel flow

A

Water that is flowing in river

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14
Q

Precipitation

A

Any form of moisture from the atmosphere

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15
Q

Estuary

A

Mouth of river -> where it meets the sea/lake

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16
Q

What is a flood hydrograph

A

A graph used by hydrologists to work out how a particular river responds to a particular size of rain event. Used to determine wether a river is likely to flood