Rivers Flashcards

1
Q

What is a river

A

Rivers are part of the water cycle. They take water form the land, via the surface and flow into the sea

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2
Q

What is the work of a river

A

Rivers carry out fluvial process. Theres include
Erosion- they wear away the rock
Transportation- they move the material downstream
Deposition- the off load the material onto the banks

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3
Q

What is hydraulic action

A

This is when the sheer force of fast-flowing water hits the river bed and forces water into the cracks

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4
Q

What is abrasion

A

Small boulders and stones may scratch and scrape their way down a river during transport , thereby wearing down the river banks and beds

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5
Q

What is Attraction

A

Effects a rivers bed. When stones first enter a river they will be jagged. As they go down the river they will become smooth

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6
Q

What is solution

A

Dissolving of rock such as chalk and limestone

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7
Q

What is vertical erosion

A

It is the deepening of the river bed done mostly by hydraulic action

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8
Q

What is lateral erosion

A

It is sideways erosion. It weas the bank of the river. This is most evident in the lower course

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9
Q

What is traction

A

Is boulders are to heavy to move

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10
Q

What is saltation

A

Is where pebbles bounce downstream

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11
Q

What is suspension

A

It is light materials in the flow of the river

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12
Q

What is solution

A

Is materials are dissolved in the water

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13
Q

What are the features of a river basin

A
Mouth
Tributary
Source
Watershed 
Channel
River basin 
Floods
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14
Q

What is the long profile of a river

A

It shows the gradient of a river from source to mouth

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15
Q

What is the cross- profile of a river

A

Sideways (cross-section) view of the channel and/ or the valley

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16
Q

What is the discharge of a river

A

It is the amount of water passing a given point in a certain amount of time. It’s measured in cumecs

17
Q

How is discharge calculated

A

Cross sectional area x volocity (csa x vel)

18
Q

What is deposition

A

Is the process by which a river drops its load

19
Q

What is a estuary

A

It is the tidly part of the river

20
Q

What does a hydrography

A

Shows how a revers discharge changes in response to a precipitation event

21
Q

What are hard strategies

A

They involve man made structures to contel river flow + stop natural processes taking place

22
Q

What are soft strategies

A

They work with the river natural processes to mange the flood risk

23
Q

Examples of hard strategies

A

Construction of dams
By pass channel
Channel enlargement

24
Q

Examples of soft strategies

A

Afforestation
Land use zoning
Controlled flooding

25
Q

What is embankments

A

It is a artificially raised river bank

26
Q

What is flood plain zoning

A

It’s where land in a river is used in such a way to minimise the impact of flooding