Rivers Flashcards
What is erosion?
Is the wearing away of the land in the natural environment
Name the processes of erosion…
Hydraulic action
Solution/corrosion
Attrition
Corrasion/abrasion
What is hydraulic action?
This process involves the force of water against the bed and banks
What is solution/corrosion?
This is the chemical action of river water. The acids in the water slowly dissolve the bed and banks .
What is attrition?
Material (the load) carried by the river bump and crash into eachother and so are broken down, smoothed and rounded into smaller particles.
What is corrasion/abrasion?
This is the process in which the bed and banks are worn down by the rivers load, the river throws these particles against the bed and banks, sometimes at high velocity.
How is a v shaped valley formed
A v shaped valley=upper course of river
River bed- more prone to vertical erosion
River eroded by abrasion, solution and hydraulic action
Sides become unstable due to weathering and undercutting- rocks slide into river=more erosion
What is an interlocking spur?
Result of vertical erosion and fluvial erosion in the upper course, they are projections of land that alternate from either side of a valley formed as the river can’t laterally erode - has to go round hillsides (more resistant geology sticks out)
How does a waterfall create a gorge
As a waterfall retreats upstream it leaves a steep sided valley downstream which is called a gorge. Every time the overhanging cap rock breaks off the gorge retreats and grows longer.
What is a source of a river
The start (upper course)
What is a tributary
A small stream that joins a larger river (upper course)
What is a drainage basin
An area of land drained by a river and its tributaries
What is a confluence
Where a tributary joins a large river
What is a watershed
The edge of a river basin
What is a mouth
The end of a river, usually where a river joins the sea
Name the 4 process of transportation…
Traction, saltation, suspension and solution
What is traction?
This is the transportation of the biggest particles, they are to heavy to lose contact with the bed. Some such as boulders roll along.
What saltation?
Moves the small stones and grains of sand by bouncing them along the bed. The lighter load uses a hopping motion.