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Geography - Physical Paper > Case Studies > Flashcards

Case Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

Give date of Nepal earthquake

A

Nepal earthquake

Date- 25th April 2015 12.21pm

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2
Q

Give magnitude of Nepal earthquake

A

Magnitude- 7.9 Richter scale

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3
Q

Give name of plate boundary and type of margin of the Nepal earthquake

A

Plates- Indian and Eurasian

Type of margin- destructive

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4
Q

Depth of focus of the Nepal earthquake

A

15km

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5
Q

Epic centre location of Nepal earthquake

A

Epic centre location- between capital of Kathmandu and city of pokhara

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6
Q

Nepal earthquake

Primary effects

A

9000 people died
5000 schools destroyed
Big after shock an hour later
Communication lines cut off

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7
Q

Nepal earthquake

Secondary effects

A

Disease was spread in the crowded camps
Avalanche on Mount Everest
1.1 millions children were deprived of a normal childhood

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8
Q

Nepal earthquake

Immediate responses

A

Sniffer dogs
Heat seeking equipment
Rescue teams such as Oxfam and Christian aid
Temporary hospitals

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9
Q

Nepal earthquake

Long term responses

A

Reconstruction of road Lukla
Rebuilding schools and hospitals
ADB gave $200 million for first phase of rehabilitation

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10
Q

New Zealand earthquake

Date

A

22nd February 2011 at 12.51pm

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11
Q

New Zealand earthquake

Magnitude

A

6.3 Richter scale

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12
Q

New Zealand earthquake

Plate boundary and type of margin

A

Australian and Pacific plates

And destructive and conservative plate margin

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13
Q

New Zealand earthquake

Depth of focus

A

5km

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14
Q

New Zealand earthquake

Epicentre location

A

Epicentre location - 10km away from Christchurch

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15
Q

New Zealand earthquake

Primary effects

A

181 killed
Roads and bridges damaged
100s of km of water pipes damaged

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16
Q

New Zealand earthquake

Secondary effects

A

In a 6 story building a Canterbury tv collapsed and caught on fire
Cars and buses damaged by falling debry
Christ church air port closed
Schools has to share classrooms

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17
Q

New Zealand earthquake

Immediate responses

A

Chemical toilets provided for 30,000 residents
Vulnerable people were cared for
International aid workers
International aid paid $6-7 million to help

18
Q

New Zealand earthquake

Long term response

A

Temporary housing
Water and sewerage was restored for all residents by august
Paid $900 million in building claims
80% roads repaired

19
Q

Christ church bay cliff collapse effects on local economy

A

Tourism is a big business here as resort areas surround it e.g. Barton on sea. The collapsing cliffs are a major issue. E.g. In 2007 holiday beach huts had to be evacuated as the cliffs were in a danger of collapsing

20
Q

Barton on sea location

A

Centrally in the south coast of England, Hampshire

21
Q

Barton on sea rate of erosion each year

A

2m a year

22
Q

Medmerry location

A

Area to the west of selsey (West Sussex) south England

23
Q

What was the issue with medmerry

A

It was the area most at risk for flooding due to climate change in south east England. A shingle ridge was the only protection for the sea and beach re profiling took place every winter with a cost of £200,000.
The area has experienced £5 million of damage

24
Q

What strategies were used to protect and save the surrounding area
Medmerry -selsey

A

Building a new embankment
Behind embankment a channel was built along its whole length to collect draining water
Rock armour
A 110m bank to allow sea to flood the land to create a new intertidal area
Coastal realignment- managed retreat and marsh creation

25
Q

When and where was Typhoon Haiyan

A

November 2013 in Philippines

26
Q

Primary school effects of Typhoon Haiyan

A

6500 people killed
90 % of city Talcoban destroyed
600,000 people displaced
Airport terminal damaged

27
Q

Secondary effects of Typhoon Haiyan

A

14 million people effected
6 million people lost their source of income
Some areas had no electricity for over a month

28
Q

Short term responses for Typhoon Haiyan

A

International governments and agencies rsponded with food water and shelter
Over 1200 evacuation centres set up
U.K. Government sent shelter kits
US air craft carrier george Washington and its helicopters took part in a search and rescue mission

29
Q

Long term responses Typhoon Haiyan

A

Rebuilding and reconstruction
Thousands of new homes build away form areas at risk of coastal flooding
Cash for work programmes- people were paid to help clear debris and rebuild the city of Tacloban
Aid agencies - oxfam replaced fishing boats - vital source of income

30
Q

What category was Typhoon Haiyan

A

Category 5 storm on Simpson scale

31
Q

What did waves and winds reach in Typhoon Haiyan

A

Winds - 275kph

Waves-15 m

32
Q

Where needs coastal management

A

Bournemouth- successful seaside tourism destination. However it’s at real risk of falling into the sea without management

33
Q

What coastal management schemes have been put in place for Bournemouth

A 
£50 million programme 
Replaces existing 43 groynes 
Construct an additional 3 new groynes
Replace "the long groyne"
Schedule beach replenishment to take place every 5 years
34
Q

Give example of long profile of river

A

River Tees in north east England

35
Q

Which way does river tees flow

A

East ward

36
Q

Give length and area of river tees

A

85 miles in length

Drains an area of 710 square miles

37
Q

Give river management facts of river tees

A

Long history of flash flooding
Cow green reservoir, controls water supply for industries along the river
Straighten the river for easier navigation during the industrial revolution
Floood protection schemes in Yarn

38
Q

Describe upper course of river Tees

A

Source high in the Pennines (893m above sea level)
High run off as steep V shaped valleys of impermeable rock
High rainfall- good water supply- many tributaries
High force waterfall- tallest in England (21 metres high)
Gorges, Rapids and potholes at low force

39
Q

Describe Middle course of river Tees

A

Clear, widening and meandering
Meanders cut off in 19th century
Sides become less steep
Lateral erosion

40
Q

Describe lower course of river Tees

A

Very urbanised and large populations Eg- yarn
Important wildlife seals and migratory birds
Ok bow lakes
Large oil, gas and petrochemical industries (as flat land)
Natural levees formed due to silt build up
Mouth is in the North Sea
Wide mudflat and Tees estuary (tidal)
Huge water sports complex Tees Barrage

Geography - Physical Paper (5 decks)

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