Rivers

Question 0

What is percolation?

Answer 0

Water seeping Into rock

Question 1

What is the hydrological cycle?

Answer 1

The hydrological cycle is the movement of a constant amount of water between the SEA, the LAND and the ATMOSPHERE. It’s a continuous cycle with no starting or end point

Question 2

What is surface runoff?

Answer 2

Surface runoff is when water flows overground to rivers, lakes or the sea

Question 3

What is channel flow?

Answer 3

Channel flow is the flow of water in a stream, river or lake

Question 4

What is through flow?

Answer 4

through flow is when infiltrated water moves through soil to a river

Question 5

What is groundwater flow?

Answer 5

Groundwater flow is when percolated water moves below the water Table to a river

Question 6

What is Channel storage?

Answer 6

Channel storage happens in rivers an lakes and is vital for our water supply

Question 7

What is groundwater storage?

Answer 7

Groundwater storage occurs in underground rocks which are porous- this means they collect water in the pore spaces between their particles

Question 8

What is the water table?

Answer 8

The water table is the upper surface of saturated rocks in an area

Question 9

What is soil moisture storage?

Answer 9

Soil moisture storage is when water is stored in the soil and is used by plants

Question 10

What is short term storage?

Answer 10

Short term storage occurs after interception on plant leaves, flowers, etc.

Question 11

What is evaporation?

Answer 11

Evaporation happens when the sea, lake, or river water is heated by the sun. The water vapour rises, then cools and condenses to form clouds

Question 12

What is transpiration?

Answer 12

Transpiration is when plants lose moisture, the sun heats the plants and the water vapour rises (like evaporation but of vegetation)

Question 13

What is a drainage basin?

Answer 13

A drainage basin is a land area drained by a river and its tributaries ( catchment area and drainage basin mean the same thing)

Question 14

What is a watershed?

Answer 14

A watershed is the ground separating two neighbouring drainage basins.

Question 15

What is the source of a river?

Answer 15

The source of a river is where the river starts, usually in an upland area

Question 16

What is a tributary?

Answer 16

A tributary is a stream that joins the main river

Question 17

What is a confluence?

Answer 17

A confluence is the point at where two rivers join

Question 18

What is the mouth of a river?

Answer 18

The mouth is where the river flows into the sea

Question 19

What is erosion?

Answer 19

Erosion is when the river wears land away

Question 20

What is abrasion?

Answer 20

Abrasion is when large pieces of bed load material wear away the river bed banks e.g in floods.

Question 21

What is attrition?

Answer 21

Attrition means the rocks being transported are eroded. The sediment particles knock against the bed or each other and break apart, becoming smaller and more rounded

Question 22

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 22

Hydraulic action is when the force of the force of the water wears away at softer rocks such as clay. It can also weaken rocks along bedding plains and joints

Question 23

What is solution or corrosion?

Answer 23

Solution or corrosion is when chalk and limestone dissolve in water.

Question 24

Name the input of the drainage basin

Answer 24

Precipitation

Question 25

Name at least three flows of a the drainage basin system

Answer 25

Surface runoff 
Channel flow
Infiltration
Through flow
Percolation
Groundwater flow

Question 26

Name at least three stores of the drainage basin system

Answer 26

Channel storage
Groundwater storage
Short term storage
Soil moisture storage
Vegetation storage

Question 27

Name the three outputs of the drainage basin system

Answer 27

River run off
Evaporation
Transportation

Question 28

What is headward erosion?

Answer 28

Headward erosion is when the furthest point upstream the valley head, is worn away by rain wash, undercutting or soil creep. (Soil creep is the slow movement of soil downhill over time.)

Question 29

What is vertical erosion?

Answer 29

Vertical erosion deepens the valley as the water force grows

Question 30

What is lateral erosion?

Answer 30

Lateral erosion widens the valley, combined with weathering I the sides, common in the middle and lower stage valleys

Question 31

What is suspension?

Answer 31

Suspension is when fine slit and clay material is carried along in the water itself.

Question 32

What is saltation?

Answer 32

Saltation is when sand sized particles are bounced along the river bed

Question 33

What is traction?

Answer 33

Traction is when larger materials likes pebbles or boulders are dragged along the bed

Question 34

What is solution?

Answer 34

Solution is when eroded material dissolved in the water is carried away

Question 35

What is deposition?

Answer 35

Deposition is when a river dumps it’s load

Question 36

Which part of a river would you find meanders?

Answer 36

Lower and middle sections

Question 37

What is a flood plain?

Answer 37

The floodplain is the wide valley floor which the river regularly floods it’s flat and covered in alluvium, making it good farmland

Question 38

What are levees?

Answer 38

Levees are raised river banks

Question 39

What is afforestation?

Answer 39

Planting trees

Question 40

Who’s is discharge measured in?

Answer 40

Curmecs