River landscapes and processes

Question 1

What is a river landscape?

Answer 1

A river landscape is an area shaped by the processes of a river, including erosion, transportation, and deposition.

Question 2

Define ‘hydrological cycle’.

Answer 2

The hydrological cycle is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.

Question 3

True or False: Rivers only erode land in their upper course.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What are the three main processes of a river?

Answer 4

Erosion, transportation, and deposition.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: The process of wearing away the riverbank is known as _______.

Answer 5

erosion

Question 6

What is the term for the land area that drains into a river?

Answer 6

Watershed

Question 7

What is the primary method by which rivers transport sediment?

Answer 7

Suspension, traction, and solution, saltation

Question 8

True or False: Deposition occurs when a river loses energy.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What landform is created at the mouth of a river due to deposition?

Answer 9

Delta

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The point where a river meets the sea is called a _______.

Answer 10

mouth

Question 11

What is a meander?

Answer 11

A meander is a curve or bend in a river.

Question 12

Multiple Choice: Which process contributes to the formation of a river cliff? A) Erosion B) Transportation C) Deposition D) Flooding

Answer 12

A) Erosion

Question 13

What is the term for the area of land that is regularly flooded by a river?

Answer 13

Floodplain

Question 14

True or False: The upper course of a river typically has a gentle gradient.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What is an oxbow lake?

Answer 15

An oxbow lake is a crescent-shaped lake formed when a meander is cut off from the river.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The process of sediment being laid down is known as _______.

Answer 16

deposition

Question 17

What type of river profile is characterized by steep gradients and fast-flowing water?

Answer 17

Upper course

Question 18

What is a tributary?

Answer 18

A tributary is a smaller river that flows into a larger river.

Question 19

True or False: The lower course of a river typically has the highest energy.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

What is hydraulic action?

Answer 20

Hydraulic action is the force of water hitting the riverbank, which can lead to erosion.

Question 21

What is the main factor affecting a river’s velocity?

Answer 21

Gradient or slope of the riverbed.

Question 22

True or False: The sediment load of a river increases as it moves downstream.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is abrasion in the context of river processes?

Answer 23

Abrasion is the wearing away of the riverbed and banks by sediment carried by the river.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The area where a river begins is called its _______.

Answer 24

source

Question 25

What is the term for a river's speed?

Answer 25

Velocity

Question 26

Multiple Choice: Which of the following landforms is created by deposition? A) Cliff B) Delta C) Canyon D) Waterfall

Answer 26

B) Delta

Question 27

What is the main cause of river flooding?

Answer 27

Excessive rainfall or snowmelt.

Question 28

True or False: Deltas are typically found at the source of rivers.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

What is a watershed management?

Answer 29

Watershed management involves the careful planning and management of land and water resources in a watershed.

Question 30

Explain the formation of a levee

Answer 30

A levee forms when a river overflows its banks during a flood, and the water slows down as it spreads out. The river carries sediment and as the floodwater loses energy, the heaviest materials are deposited closest to the riverbank. Over time, repeated flooding deposits more sediment, building up raised embankments along the river, creating levees

Question 31

Where is velocity fasted in a river?

Answer 31

Lower course

Question 32

Where is load size largest?

Answer 32

Upper course

Question 33

Where is load amount largest?

Answer 33

Lower course

Question 34

Name one human factor which affects flooding?

Answer 34

Deforestation

Question 35

What is a drainage basin?

Answer 35

the area of land drained by a major river and its tributaries all leading to the same place.