Coastal landscapes and processes

Question 1

What is erosion?

Answer 1

The process of wearing away rocks and soil by natural forces.

Question 2

True or False: Longshore drift is a process that moves sediment along the coast.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The landform created by the deposition of sediment at the mouth of a river is called a __________.

Answer 3

delta

Question 4

Define ‘fetch’ in the context of waves.

Answer 4

The stretch of ocean water over which the wind blows to generate waves.

Question 5

What are the 4 types of coastal erosion?

Answer 5

Attrition, Solution, Hydraulic action and abrasion.

Question 6

Which type of wave is characterized by a steep wave front and a short wavelength?

Answer 6

Destructive wave.

Question 7

What landform is created by the erosion of a headland?

Answer 7

Cave, arch, stack, and stump.

Question 8

True or False: Sand dunes are formed by the accumulation of sand blown by the wind.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the process of sediment being deposited when the energy of the transporting sediment decreases?

Answer 9

Deposition.

Question 10

What is a spit?

Answer 10

A narrow landform that extends from the shore into the sea, formed by deposition.

Question 11

What is the difference between constructive and destructive waves?

Answer 11

Constructive waves build up beaches, big swash, weak backwash. smaller than 1 meter. While destructive waves erode beaches, big backwash, small swash. bigger than 1 meter

Question 12

What is a barrier beach?

Answer 12

A long, narrow beach that runs parallel to the coastline, formed by the accumulation of sand.

Question 13

True or False: Coastal management strategies are only aimed at preventing erosion.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

What is the purpose of sea walls?

Answer 14

To protect the coast from erosion and flooding.

Question 15

What are ‘groynes’ used for?

Answer 15

To interrupt longshore drift and trap sand.

Question 16

What is ‘soft engineering’ in coastal management?

Answer 16

Using natural processes to manage coastal erosion and flooding.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: __________ is a process where rocks are broken down by chemical reactions.

Answer 17

Chemical weathering

Question 18

What is the term for the area of land that is affected by tides?

Answer 18

Intertidal zone.

Question 19

What is a tidal flat?

Answer 19

A coastal wetland that is flooded and drained by tides.

Question 20

What does the term ‘rip current’ refer to?

Answer 20

A strong, narrow current that flows away from the shore.

Question 21

True or False: Coral reefs can be found in temperate waters.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What is the main cause of coastal flooding?

Answer 22

Storm surges and high tides.

Question 23

What is meant by ‘coastal retreat’?

Answer 23

The landward movement of the coastline due to erosion.

Question 24

Define ‘littoral zone’.

Answer 24

The part of the coastline that is affected by the tides.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the gradual wearing away of the earth's surface by natural forces.

Answer 25

Erosion

Question 26

What is a marine reserve?

Answer 26

An area of the ocean designated for protection to preserve marine life.

Question 27

What are the main types of coastal landforms?

Answer 27

Cliffs, beaches, spits, and dunes.

Question 28

What is 'fetch' in relation to wave formation?

Answer 28

The distance over which the wind blows to create waves.

Question 29

What does 'sediment transport' mean?

Answer 29

The movement of sediment from one location to another by natural forces.

Question 30

True or False: Coastal ecosystems are important for biodiversity.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What is 'salinity' and why is it important in coastal environments?

Answer 31

Salinity is the concentration of salt in water, crucial for marine life.

Question 32

What is 'submergent coast'?

Answer 32

A coast that is sinking relative to sea level, often resulting in flooded areas.

Question 33

What are the four types of transportation of material?

Answer 33

Traction, suspension, saltation, solution

Question 34

What are mangroves?

Answer 34

Mangroves are coastal ecosystems characterized by salt-tolerant trees and shrubs that grow in intertidal zones.

Question 35

What primarily forms sand dunes?

Answer 35

Sand dunes are formed primarily by the action of wind.

Question 36

Fill in the blank: Mangroves help to protect coastlines from ________.

Answer 36

erosion

Question 37

What factors influence the formation of sand dunes?

Answer 37

Wind direction, sand supply, and vegetation cover influence the formation of sand dunes.

Question 38

What do the 4 types of transportation do?

Answer 38

Suspension - lighter sediment is carried within the water, Saltation - rocks bouncing along river bed Solution - the transport of dissolved chemicals Traction - larger rocks rolling down riverbed

Question 39

Give an example of a soft engineering strategy and what it is

Answer 39

Beach reprofiling - uses existing sediment from the beach to artificially re-shape the beach

Question 40

Explain what the 4 types of erosion do

Answer 40

abrasion - when pebbles grind along a platform, much like sandpaper attrition - rocks smashing against each other smoothening and roundening each other Hydraulic action - Air becomes trapped in the cracks of the river bank and bed, and causes the rock to break apart with high pressure. Solution- sea water dissolves rocks