Risk & Transport

Question 1

Risk

Answer 1

The probability that an actual or perceived outcome will occur

External/environmental measurement: hazard x exposure
Internal/ingested measurement: toxicity x dose

Question 2

Factors that affect transport in the environment

Answer 2

1) Volatility: ability of a chemical to form a gas
2) Water solubility: depends on solute polarity
2) Air/Water partition (K): solubility of a gas in water (Benzene)
3) Octanol/Water partition (K): measurement of something to bioaccumulate in fatty tissue and biomagnify up the food chain (DDT)
4) Soil/Water partition: measurement of how easily something is transferred through soil to water systems

Question 3

Characteristics of volatile compounds

Answer 3

1) Go into a gaseous state easily at low temperature or high pressure
2) Difficult to control and must be kept as liquid, in extreme cold, or under extreme pressure

Question 4

Partition coefficient (P)

Answer 4

Measures solubility

Question 5

Scale of measurement

Answer 5

Giga: 10^9
Mega: 10^6
Kilo: 10^3
Centi: 10^-2
Milli: 10^-3
Micro: 10^-6
Nano: 10 ^-9

Question 6

Atomic symbols

Answer 6

Eg. Hydrogen

1 in upper left: atomic mass
1 in lower left: atomic number/number of protons

Question 7

Hazard

Answer 7

How dangerous something is