Risk Management and Accident Prevention

Question 1

Risk Management Tools

Answer 1

PAVE
Pilot - IMSAFE risks
Aircraft - risks to mx, factors affecting the airplane
enVironment - weather, unfamiliarity of aircraft/airport
External Pressures - get-there-itis

FRATs
Flight Risk Assessment Tool
Online form you can fill out to show risk in a potential flight (takes bias out of it)

Risk Assessment Matrix

ADM , CRM, SPRM

Question 2

When and how do you introduce risk management?

Answer 2

At the very beginning, any ground instruction program should have a basic intro to risk management tools (PAVE/FRATs pre-solo)

Question 3

Hazards vs Risks vs Safety

Answer 3

Hazard: real conditions that could affect safety

Risk: possible future impact of hazards

Safety: management of risks

Question 4

Types of Risks

Answer 4

Total
Identified
Unidentified
Acceptable
Unacceptable
Residual

Question 5

Risk Management Process

Answer 5

IAAMIS
Step 1: Identify hazard
Step 2: Assess risk
Step 3: Analyze risk
Step 4: Make decisions
Step 5: Implement risk measures
Step 6: Supervise and review

Question 6

Identification, Assessment, and Mitigation

Answer 6

Identification - PAVE

Assessment - Risk Management Matrix

Mitigation - considering alternatives, Go/no go, personal minimums

Question 7

Hazardous Attitudes and Antedotes

Answer 7

Macho
“watch this!”
taking chances is foolish
Anti-Authority
“don’t tell me what to do!”
follow the rules. they are
there for a reason.
Resignation
“what’s the point?”
i am not helpless. i can make a difference
Invulnerability
“it won’t happen to me”
it could happen to me
Impulsivity
“do something quickly!”
not so fast, think first.

Question 8

5 P’s

Answer 8

Plan - flight plan (route familiarity, airports, etc)
Plane - familiarity with the plane
Pilot - proficiency, IMSAFE
Passengers - external pressures
Programming - avionics familiarity, radios, autopilot

Question 9

Common Risks During Flight Instruction

Answer 9

PAVE
Pilot - student pilot mistakes, distractions
Aircraft - Mx
enVironment - Busy practice areas (KMKT) *most accident occur in daytime and in good conditions
External Pressure - urgency and stress/anxiety

Question 10

ADM

Answer 10

Use good judgement and CRM to make good decisions

Continuous process

“aviate, navigate, communicate”

Question 11

SBT and good scenario
characteristics

Answer 11

Allows for more creative thinking than other ways of training

good scenario characteristics:
-clear set of objectives
-tailored to the student
-local environment
-distractions
-can they multi-task?

Question 12

Different phases of flight risks

Answer 12

Take off and Landing
-We are low, slow, and close to the ground
-don’t fly when the weather is below the instructor’s personal minimums
-realistic scenarios
-new students with zero time should get comfortable with controlling the aircraft before learning landings, instructor should land for a couple lessons

Climb
-High volume traffic areas
-high nose = view limiting for traffic

Cruise
-mid air collisons
-blind spots
-“dots” on the horizon

Question 13

Best practices for mitigating risk – list 5

Answer 13

-clean windshields
-positive exchange of flight controls
-sterile cockpit
-visual scans
-clearing turns
-sunglasses (during sunny day)
-ADS-B In
-ATC and Flight Following
-Right of Way Rules
-CTAF/Radio Calls
-Aircraft Lighting