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nebosh A > Risk Management > Flashcards

Risk Management Flashcards

0
Q

Failure mode effects analysis and methodology

A

Anayslise each component in he system in order - identify causes of component failure & effects on the system - best used at the design stage - chemical and nuclear plants where failure of a simple component could lead to a disaster

Methodology
1 - break system down into components
2 - identify failure methods & possible causes
3 - what are the effects
4 - what is the probability, severity and likelihood of an incident occuring
5 - what are means of detection
6 - rate = prfioritize ( severity x probability)
7 - controls - actions for reduction
8 - document in tabular format

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1
Q

Reasons to manage safety are

  • moral
  • legal
  • economic

Explain the above as we’ll as what costs can not be insured against

A

Moral = obligation to staff / personal impacts on accidents and Ill health / personal values / pr implications of failure

Legal = compliance with legislation / enforcement notices and prosecution / avoid legal action / compensation

Economic = cost of failure / direct & indirect costs / nature of losses / financial benifits and good standards

Costs which can not be insured against = bad publicity / loss in morale and production / product & material damage / legal costs in defending civil claims / overtime & labour costs / fines / loss of trained staff

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2
Q

Hazard and Operability study (HAZOP)

A
  • identifies the deviations from the intended -
  • best completed at the design stage but can be used for modifications to a process
  • has a team leader who must have an awareness of the scope of the study
  • the process is broken down into key stages
  • objective data - info supports study
  • it involves brain storming
  • uses guide words - applied methodology to each process parameter to form deviations from the normal operating standard
  • process is documented and recorded - using a set format and must be kept in the project file
  • ## HAZOP looks at the causes and consequences of each deviation
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3
Q

Fault Tree Analysis

A
  • analysis the events of multiple causes - whether an event happens or not
  • use of the symbols - multiply and gate / plus at and or gate
  • probability of the top event being quantified
  • helps identify critical stages for intervention

limitation - complex events need skill to work out the top probability
- only as good as the data used in calculations

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4
Q

event tree analysis and the methodology

A
  • based on binary logic
  • used to investigate the consequences of loss making events in order to find ways of mitigating rather then preventing loss
  • used to estimate the likelihood of success or failure or to assess a particular outcome of an undesired event
  • it starts with the initiating event and ends with the probability of the situation being controlled or not

limitations - lack of knowledge of component reliability and data as there are only 2 outcomes (success or failure)
- it does not take into account limited success

methodology

  1. identify the primary events of concern
  2. identify the controls which are assigned for dealing with the primary event
  3. start the event tree at the beginning with the initiating event then proceed through to the failures of the safety functions
  4. establish the resulting accident sequence
  5. identify the critical factors that need to be addressed
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5
Q

risk avoidance

A
  • avoiding the hazardous activity altogether
  • active steps to eliminate risk or discontinue the process
  • a conscious decision
  • by avoiding one risk you may create other risks
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6
Q

risk reduction

A
  • reducing the risk to a acceptable level
  • hierarchy of control
  • actions taken to lesson the likelihood of a negative consequence
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7
Q

risk transfer

A

transferring the risk to another party (insurance provider or contractor)

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8
Q

risk retention

A
  • retaining the cost of the risk within the company
  • with or without knowledge
  • risks which can not be transferred to insurance
  • without knowledge can put the company in an unfavourable position
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9
Q

acceptable risk

A

risk which although is not negligable is persumed to not require any further attention

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10
Q

tolerable risk

A
  • is a known risk which is run regularly and deliberately
  • it is not negligible
  • can not be ignored
  • should be kept under review and reduced further if possible
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11
Q

selecting the most appropriate type of risk control

A
  • cost vs benefit
  • type and size of the organisation
  • present state of technology
  • public expectancy
  • legal requirements
  • economic state of the company
  • insurance premium levels
  • human factors
  • competence of risk manager and confidence of the company
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12
Q

internal sources of information when completing a risk assessment

A
  • accident and near miss investigations
  • inspection reports
  • audit reports
  • maintaince logs
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13
Q

qualitative risk assessment

A
  • informed subjective judgement
  • needs good hazard identification
  • looks at the likelihood of hazards occurring & severity of the consequences
  • can be rated H/M/L
  • completed by a risk assessor
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14
Q

quantitative risk assessment

A
  • numerical
  • based on frequency of the probability of events occurring & their consequences
  • objective approach
  • specific data comparison on a specific criteria
  • attempts to calculate the probability of frequency with a specific event
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15
Q

external sources of information to consider when completing a risk assessment

A
  • manufactures guidance - designers
  • professional body guidance “reducing risks and protecting people”
  • other companies who use the same equipment
  • insurance companies
  • ILO
  • experts
  • national government enforcement agencies (OSHA / HSE)
16
Q

reasons for a difference in accident rates within similar companies

A
  • different reporting culture
  • different calculations of accident rate and what an accident is
  • different HS culture - maintenance of equipment
  • different equipment - age & type
  • management issues - different levels of commitment - polices & procedures (measuring and disciplining non compliance)
  • HR - selection - training - communication & consultation
  • adequacy of risk assessment & control measures (SSOW, PPE &PPM)
  • shift work - motivation - bonuses
  • cultural issues - attitude, motivation , behaviour & peer pressure
  • workplace layout
  • product issue (piece work/shift work)
17
Q

job safety analysis

A
  • hazards associated which each component in a specific task are assessed
  • it is established if the correct precautions are adequate to reduce the risk levels
  • following this a SSOW is produced
18
Q

Hierarchy of control

A 
E = eliminate
R = reduce
I = isolate
C = control
P = PPE
D = discipline

ERIC Prevents Death

19
Q

factors to be considered to ensure a risk assessment is suitable and sufficient

A
  • must address significant hazards that exist
  • identify those who are exposed to the hazard
  • correctly evaluate the risk generated
  • adequacy of control measures
  • recognise the need for further controls
  • reference to relevant standards & legislation
  • complexity of assessment must be appropriate for the complexity of the risk
  • assessor must be competent
  • must remain valid for a reasonable period of time
20
Q

reasons for a deficiency in risk assessmeny

A
  • lack of technical expertise
  • insufficient reference to information sources
  • insufficient training
  • unfamiliarity with the hazardous area
  • lack of commitment from management
  • inadequate MOC
21
Q

factors to be considered when completing a risk assessment

A
  • activity & task performed
  • equipment &material used (info and guidance provided by manufacturer)
  • who and how many
  • experience & status - are they vulnerable
  • likelihood & severity
  • adequacy of controls measures to be introduced, inc those required by law
  • adequate environmental workplace standards eg. noise
22
Q

SSOW

A

The method of carrying out a task in which hazards have been identified and eliminated or risks reduced to a acceptable level

23
Q

issues to be addressed when implementing SSOW

A
  • Consultation with the workforce
  • verbal or written
  • number of people involved
  • who would be trained
  • training arrangements
  • management and supervisors understand their responsibility for implementing the system
  • date and time of implementation
  • procedures for monitoring & review

nebosh A (11 decks)

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