risk factors

Question 1

what are risk factors?

Answer 1

factors that increase the probability that disease will occur
- their presence does not mean disease but may make disease more severe if it is already present.

Question 2

what are risk factors of periodontal disease categorised into?

Answer 2

local and systemic

Question 3

what are local risk factors for periodontal disease?

Answer 3

these can be categorised into anatomical, iatrogenic. These are usually plaque retentive factors

anatomical risk factors include furcation involvement, crowding, root morphology such as deep root grooves, deep fissures

iatrogenic risk factors include overhangs, restoration deficinces, orthodontic appliances, poorly fitted dentures,

Question 4

what are the systemic factors for periodontal disease?

Answer 4

• genetic susceptibility
• env RF drug induced gingival overgrowth- phenytoin AE, cyclosporine IS, nifidipine CCB
• Behavioural RF including smoking and poor OH
• lifestyle RF including stress (may affect OH routine, lower saliva levels, NG) and malnutrition
• metabolic RFs including diabetes and pregnancy (inc inflammatory response to plaque due to increased progesterone levels)
• Haematological RFs- disease does not cause PD but alters tissues response to plaque for example chronic/acute myeloid leukemia affects neutrophil function.