Risk assessments - broken down

Question 1

Diabetes risk score - sections (5)

Answer 1

Demographics
Lifestyle
Current symptoms
Complications
PMH/Drug/Family history

Question 2

Diabetes risk score [1/5] - Demographics (5)

Answer 2

• Age
• Sex
• Ethnicity
• Weight/height/BMI
• Waist circumference

Question 3

Diabetes risk score [2/5] - Lifestyle (4)

Answer 3

• Exercise
• Diet
  - Sugar
  - Fruit + veg
• Smoking
• Alcohol

Question 4

Diabetes risk score [3/5] - Current symptoms (4)

Answer 4

• Thirst - polydipsia
• Toilet - polyuria
• Tired - lethargy
• Thin - unintentional weight loss

Question 5

Diabetes risk score [4/5] - Complications (12)

Answer 5

• Visual problems/changes
• Loss of peripheral sensation
• Vascular issues, ulcers
• Genital thrush
• UTIs
• Dysuria
• Incontinence
• Erectile dysfunction
• Angina/MI/stroke symptoms
• Palpitations
• Hypoglycaemia symptoms
• Footcare

Question 6

Diabetes risk score [5/5] - PMH/Drug/Family history (4)

Answer 6

PMH
- High blood sugar
- Hypertension
Drug history
- Antihypertensives
Family history
- Diabetes

Question 7

What does QRisk assess?

Answer 7

An individual’s 10-year risk of having a heart attack or stroke

Question 8

QRisk3 score - sections (6)

Answer 8

Demographics
PMH
Drug history
Family history
Social history
Measurements

Question 9

QRisk3 score [1/6] - Demographics (5)

Answer 9

• Age
• Sex
• Ethnicity
• BMI
• Postcode

Question 10

QRisk3 score [2/6] - PMH (9)

Answer 10

• Hypertension
  …
• Chronic kidney disease (stage 3+)
• Atrial fibrillation
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Diabetes (type 1/2)
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Migraines
• Erectile dysfunction
• Severe mental illness

Question 11

QRisk3 score [3/6] - Drug history (3)

Answer 11

• Antihypertensives
• Regular corticosteroids
• Atypical antipsychotics

Question 12

QRisk3 score [4/6] - Family history (1)

Answer 12

• Angina or MI in 1st degree relative aged <60

Question 13

QRisk3 score [5/6] - Social history (2)

Answer 13

• Smoking
• Alcohol

Question 14

QRisk3 score [6/6] - Measurements (2)

Answer 14

• Cholesterol:HDL ratio
• Systolic BP

Question 15

What does CHA2DS2VASc assess?

Answer 15

Ischaemic stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation

Question 16

CHA2DS2VASc score

Answer 16

C - Congestive heart failure
H - Hypertension (+management)
A2 - Age ≥75
D - Diabetes
S2 - Stroke/TIA history
V - Vascular disease (MI, angina, aortic plaque, peripheral artery disease)
A - Age 65-74
Sc - Sex (female)

Question 17

What does FRAX stand for?

Answer 17

Fracture Risk Assessment Tool

Question 18

What does FRAX assess?

Answer 18

Estimates your risk of having a hip or other major fracture in the next 10 years

Question 19

FRAX score - sections (5)

Answer 19

Demographics
Fracture history
Other PMH
Drug history
Social history

Question 20

FRAX score [1/5] - Demographics (5)

Answer 20

1. Age
2. Sex
3. Weight
4. Height
   –> BMI
5. Femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD)

Question 21

FRAX score [2/5] - Fracture history (2)

Answer 21

6. Fracture history (Y/N)
7. Fracture hip in a parent (Y/N)

Question 22

FRAX score [3/5] - Other PMH (2)

Answer 22

8. Rheumatoid arthritis
9. Secondary osteoporosis (9)

Question 23

Causes of secondary osteoporosis (9)

Answer 23

• Type 1 diabetes
• Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Hyperthyroidism
• Premature menopause/hypogonadism
• Coeliac disease/malabsorption/malnutrition
• Chronic liver disease
• Kidney failure
• Multiple sclerosis
• Cushing’s syndrome

Question 24

FRAX score [4/5] - Drug history (1)

Answer 24

10. Glucocorticoids

Also: lithium, barbiturates

Question 25

FRAX score [5/5] - Social history (2)

Answer 25

11. Smoking
12. Alcohol (3+ units/day)

Also: diet (calcium), sun exposure

Question 26

Interpretation of DEXA scan

Answer 26

≥-1 - normal
-1 - -2.5 - osteopenia
≤-2.5 - osteoporosis

Question 27

What does ABCD2 assess?

Answer 27

Risk of a stroke after a TIA

Question 28

ABCD2 score

Answer 28

A - Age ≥60
B - Blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg
C - Clinical features
- 2: unilateral weakness
- 1: speech impairment, no weakness
D - Duration of symptoms
- 2: ≥60 minutes
- 1: 10-59 minutes
D - Diabetes

Also: Atrial fibrillation

Question 29

Well’s score - sections (7)

Answer 29

Current symptoms - leg
Current symptoms - other symptoms
Recent immobility
PMH
Drug history
Family history
Social history

Question 30

Well’s score [1/7] - Leg symptoms (7)

Answer 30

• Tenderness - localised to along deep venous system
• Redness
• Hot to touch
• Leg swelling
  - Entire leg swollen
  - Pitting oedema
  - Unilateral (>3cm)
• Collateral veins

Question 31

Well’s score [2/7] - Other symptoms (3)

Answer 31

• Breathlessness
• Fever/chills
• Haemoptysis

Question 32

Well’s score [3/7] - Recent immobility (4)

Answer 32

• Long haul flights/travel
• Paralysis
• Plaster cast
• Bedridden

Question 33

Well’s score [4/7] - PMH (3)

Answer 33

• Recent surgery
• Cancer diagnosis/chemotherapy
• Previous DVT diagnosis

Question 34

Well’s score [5/7] - Drug history (2)

Answer 34

• Anticoagulants
• Use of COCP or HRT

Question 35

Well’s score [6/7] - Family history (1)

Answer 35

• DVT diagnosis

Question 36

Well’s score [7/7] - Social history (3)

Answer 36

• Smoking
• Alcohol
• Pregnant?