Risk assessments - broken down Flashcards

1
Q

Diabetes risk score - sections (5)

A

Demographics
Lifestyle
Current symptoms
Complications
PMH/Drug/Family history

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2
Q

Diabetes risk score [1/5] - Demographics (5)

A
  • Age
  • Sex
  • Ethnicity
  • Weight/height/BMI
  • Waist circumference
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3
Q

Diabetes risk score [2/5] - Lifestyle (4)

A
  • Exercise
  • Diet
    - Sugar
    - Fruit + veg
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
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4
Q

Diabetes risk score [3/5] - Current symptoms (4)

A
  • Thirst - polydipsia
  • Toilet - polyuria
  • Tired - lethargy
  • Thin - unintentional weight loss
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5
Q

Diabetes risk score [4/5] - Complications (12)

A
  • Visual problems/changes
  • Loss of peripheral sensation
  • Vascular issues, ulcers
  • Genital thrush
  • UTIs
  • Dysuria
  • Incontinence
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Angina/MI/stroke symptoms
  • Palpitations
  • Hypoglycaemia symptoms
  • Footcare
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6
Q

Diabetes risk score [5/5] - PMH/Drug/Family history (4)

A

PMH
- High blood sugar
- Hypertension
Drug history
- Antihypertensives
Family history
- Diabetes

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7
Q

What does QRisk assess?

A

An individual’s 10-year risk of having a heart attack or stroke

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8
Q

QRisk3 score - sections (6)

A

Demographics
PMH
Drug history
Family history
Social history
Measurements

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9
Q

QRisk3 score [1/6] - Demographics (5)

A
  • Age
  • Sex
  • Ethnicity
  • BMI
  • Postcode
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10
Q

QRisk3 score [2/6] - PMH (9)

A
  • Hypertension
  • Chronic kidney disease (stage 3+)
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Diabetes (type 1/2)
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
  • Migraines
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Severe mental illness
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11
Q

QRisk3 score [3/6] - Drug history (3)

A
  • Antihypertensives
  • Regular corticosteroids
  • Atypical antipsychotics
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12
Q

QRisk3 score [4/6] - Family history (1)

A
  • Angina or MI in 1st degree relative aged <60
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13
Q

QRisk3 score [5/6] - Social history (2)

A
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
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14
Q

QRisk3 score [6/6] - Measurements (2)

A
  • Cholesterol:HDL ratio
  • Systolic BP
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15
Q

What does CHA2DS2VASc assess?

A

Ischaemic stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation

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16
Q

CHA2DS2VASc score

A

C - Congestive heart failure
H - Hypertension (+management)
A2 - Age ≥75
D - Diabetes
S2 - Stroke/TIA history
V - Vascular disease (MI, angina, aortic plaque, peripheral artery disease)
A - Age 65-74
Sc - Sex (female)

17
Q

What does FRAX stand for?

A

Fracture Risk Assessment Tool

18
Q

What does FRAX assess?

A

Estimates your risk of having a hip or other major fracture in the next 10 years

19
Q

FRAX score - sections (5)

A

Demographics
Fracture history
Other PMH
Drug history
Social history

20
Q

FRAX score [1/5] - Demographics (5)

A
  1. Age
  2. Sex
  3. Weight
  4. Height
    –> BMI
  5. Femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD)
21
Q

FRAX score [2/5] - Fracture history (2)

A
  1. Fracture history (Y/N)
  2. Fracture hip in a parent (Y/N)
22
Q

FRAX score [3/5] - Other PMH (2)

A
  1. Rheumatoid arthritis
  2. Secondary osteoporosis (9)
23
Q

Causes of secondary osteoporosis (9)

A
  • Type 1 diabetes
  • Osteogenesis imperfecta
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Premature menopause/hypogonadism
  • Coeliac disease/malabsorption/malnutrition
  • Chronic liver disease
  • Kidney failure
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Cushing’s syndrome
24
Q

FRAX score [4/5] - Drug history (1)

A
  1. Glucocorticoids

Also: lithium, barbiturates

25
FRAX score [5/5] - Social history (2)
11. Smoking 12. Alcohol (3+ units/day) Also: diet (calcium), sun exposure
26
Interpretation of DEXA scan
≥-1 - normal -1 - -2.5 - osteopenia ≤-2.5 - osteoporosis
27
What does ABCD2 assess?
Risk of a stroke after a TIA
28
ABCD2 score
A - Age ≥60 B - Blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg C - Clinical features - 2: unilateral weakness - 1: speech impairment, no weakness D - Duration of symptoms - 2: ≥60 minutes - 1: 10-59 minutes D - Diabetes Also: Atrial fibrillation
29
Well's score - sections (7)
Current symptoms - leg Current symptoms - other symptoms Recent immobility PMH Drug history Family history Social history
30
Well's score [1/7] - Leg symptoms (7)
* Tenderness - localised to along deep venous system * Redness * Hot to touch * Leg swelling - Entire leg swollen - Pitting oedema - Unilateral (>3cm) * Collateral veins
31
Well's score [2/7] - Other symptoms (3)
* Breathlessness * Fever/chills * Haemoptysis
32
Well's score [3/7] - Recent immobility (4)
* Long haul flights/travel * Paralysis * Plaster cast * Bedridden
33
Well's score [4/7] - PMH (3)
* Recent surgery * Cancer diagnosis/chemotherapy * Previous DVT diagnosis
34
Well's score [5/7] - Drug history (2)
* Anticoagulants * Use of COCP or HRT
35
Well's score [6/7] - Family history (1)
* DVT diagnosis
36
Well's score [7/7] - Social history (3)
* Smoking * Alcohol * Pregnant?