Risk Assessment Terms

Question 1

Risk assessment

Answer 1

– the systematic scientific characterization of potential adverse health effects
resulting from human exposure to hazardous agents or situations

Question 2

Risk

Answer 2

– the probability of an adverse outcome

Question 3

Risk management

Answer 3

the process by which policy actions (regulations) to deal with the hazards
identified in risk assessment are chosen

Question 4

Risk communication

Answer 4

the process of making risk assessment and risk management information
comprehensible to “nonscientific people” (e.g. lawyers, lay public, stakeholders)

Question 5

No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)

Answer 5

in dose-response assessment, the highest dose that does
not produce a significantly elevated incidence of adverse response compared to control– can be found through subchronic and chronic tests

Question 6

Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)

Answer 6

in dose-response assessment, the lowest dose that

produces a significantly elevated incidence of adverse response compared to control

Question 7

Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) and Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI)

Answer 7

the daily intake of a chemical, which
during an entire lifetime, appears to be without appreciable risk, based on currently available scientific
information–TDI can vary from place to place

Question 8

ADI is for food additives, pesticides and drugs

• TDI is for xenobiotics with no reason to be in food (e.g., industrial contaminants)
• US Environmental Protection Agency uses Reference Dose (RfD), which is the same as ADI/TDI.

Answer 8

ya

Question 9

Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD)

Answer 9

the average dose that humans are exposed to on a daily basis

for their entire life.

Question 10

High-end Exposure Estimate (HEEE)

Answer 10

the upper 90th percentile of exposures in the human population

Question 11

Short Term Exposure Limits (STEL)

Answer 11

used in occupational settings for acute exposure to chemicals, mainly solvents.

Question 12

dioxin-like chemical general info, and how they affect mice and rats

Answer 12

halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons–>highly lipophilic; resistant to biotransformation and environmental degradation; very toxic (carcino- and teratogenic)
target aryl hydrocarbons–>highly expressed in rats, not mice
mice also have

Question 13

LADD equation

Answer 13

(conc x contact rate x contact fraction x duration)/(bodyweight x lifetime)