Risk Assessment new Flashcards
Define “Risk.”
Risk is the probability that an individual will get a specific disease in a given period.
Define “Risk Assessment.”
Risk Assessment is the act of determining the likelihood of a disease occurring in the future, based on the balance between risk factors and protective factors.
What is the purpose of Risk Assessment?
The purpose of Risk Assessment is to develop or modify the treatment plan, educate the patient about their own risk factors and oral health problems, provide factual information, relate oral health findings to behavioral habits, and educate on behavioral modification methods.
Where can a dental hygienist find and document risk factors?
A dental hygienist can find and document risk factors in the patient’s medical history, dental history, social/behavioral history, clinical examination, radiographs, and by considering the patient’s perception of their health.
Define and differentiate between risk factors, risk determinants, risk indicators, and risk markers.
- Risk factors are exposures, behaviors, lifestyles, genes, or conditions that increase the likelihood of a disease.
- Risk determinants are non-modifiable risk factors, intrinsic to the individual, such as age or genetics.
- Risk indicators are probable risk factors like exposures, behaviors, lifestyles, gene and conditions but with less conclusive evidence.
- Risk markers are predictors for disease occurrence, such as a history of periodontitis.
What is the difference between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors?
- Modifiable risk factors can be changed (e.g., smoking, diet, oral hygiene).
- Non-modifiable risk factors are intrinsic to the individual and cannot be changed (e.g., age, genetics).
What are the two major risk factors and indicators for periodontal disease?
- The two major risk factors for periodontal disease are smoking and diabetes.
- Risk indicators include pathogenic bacteria, microbial tooth deposits, and local contributing factors.
Give examples of risk factors, risk indicators, risk determinants, and risk markers associated with periodontal disease.
- Risk factors: Smoking, diabetes.
- Risk indicators: Specific pathogenic bacteria, microbial tooth deposits, alcohol, nutrition, osteoporosis, stress, socioeconomic status.
- Risk determinants: Age, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, genetics, stress, socioeconomic status.
- Risk markers: Bleeding on probing, history of periodontitis.
What areas of risk assessment are covered in dentistry?
Areas include caries risk, oral hygiene, dietary habits, restorative susceptibility, bacteria, oral cancer risk, periodontal disease risk, and systemic diseases like diabetes and heart disease.
What is the relationship between Dental Hygiene Process of Care (DHPC) and treatment planning?
DHPC involves assessment, diagnosis, planning, treatment implementation, evaluation, and documentation.
Risk assessment informs the treatment plan by identifying potential risks and tailoring the treatment approach to minimize them.
Define SOAP documentation.
- S (Subjective): Patient’s reported symptoms and concerns.
- O (Objective): Clinical examination findings.
- A (Analysis): Diagnosis and treatment decisions based on findings.
- P (Procedures): Specific treatment performed and plans for further care.
What is the purpose of a risk assessment in dental hygiene?
To develop or modify a treatment plan, educate the patient about their oral health, and provide factual, behavior-related advice.
What sources are used to select risks for a dental risk assessment?
Sources include medical history, dental history, social/behavioral history, clinical examination, radiographs, and the patient’s own health beliefs and values.
How does smoking contribute to periodontal disease?
Smoking increases the risk of periodontal destruction by up to 6 times, leads to greater attachment loss, deeper probing depths, and reduced response to periodontal therapy.
What are the effects of smoking on the periodontium?
Smoking leads to pale, fibrotic tissue with reduced bleeding, more calculus, impaired immune response, and impaired healing after periodontal therapy.
lack of BOP does not equate to healthy tissues
heat and dryness
smokers enhibit no difference in plaque levels
What are the effects of diabetes on periodontal health?
Uncontrolled diabetes can result in more severe periodontitis, increased susceptibility to infections, poor wound healing, and other complications like xerostomia and burning tongue.
What are the effects does smokeless tobacco has on the periodontium?
- Increased inflammatory response at placement site
- Abrasive= gingival recession
- Mandibular buccal areas
- Contribues to periofontal disease and cancerous changes
- Success rates of implants are reduced in smokers
What is the difference between well-controlled and poorly-controlled diabetics in relation to periodontal disease
Well-controlled diabetics have no greater risk of periodontal disease than non-diabetics, while poorly controlled diabetics are at higher risk for severe periodontitis and poor healing outcomes.
