Dental Implants Flashcards
What is a implant?
Replace individual teeth or support fixed bridge or removable denture
State and differentiate types of implants
- Subperiosteal implant
- Transosteal implant.
- Endosseous Implant
What is subperiosteal?
- less frequently used than endosseous
- placed over alveolar bone
- rests on jawbone
- maxilla or mandible
- No direct union with bone
- protrudes through soft tissue for anchorage
What is transosteal?
- Staple implant
- used less frequently than endosseous
- Apicoronal direction- goes through bone (parasymphyseal region.
- mandible placement only
- No direct bone union
- protrude through soft tissue for anchorage
What is Endosseous
Majority of implants place
placed within bone
osseointegrated (union with bone)
direct bone anchorage
2 types: Blade- rarley used and Root form: screw different lenghts
What is osseointegration ?
direct contact between living bone and the surface of an implant
100% integration never develops
Bone to implant contact
- surface characterisitcs
- system dependent
- amount required unknown
- time dependent- fixture
What does attainment and maintenance of integration depends upon?
- biomaterials
- biocompatibility
- implant design : length, diameter, shape, surface etc
- surgical considerations
- loading considerations
What is biocompatibility ?
Close contact of living cells and material that produces no inflammation and no disruption of cell growth and division
elicits little or no immune response
does not interfer with cellular growth
True/False
Biocompatible materials are biomaterial ?
True
Biomaterials are?
Gold
Stainless steal
coblat-chromium alloys
Niobium
Hydroxyapatite
Traclcium phosphate
Polymers
Zierconium
Titanium
Which cells inhibition occurs with most metals except titanium and zirconium?
Fibroblast and Osteoblast
Which metal is the choice material for osseointegration?
Titanium
What are the designs of dental implants?
- Length : Conventional= 7 and 16mm long
Selection: available bone height
Diameter: 3-6mm, volume of bone Wider= increase implant stability w/ limited height.
Shape: cylindrical, solide with threads, hollow no threads.
What are the different surfaces of a dental implant?
Threaded pitch: stability and force distribution
Rough-surface= higher bone to impant contact ( more corrosive) with increase risk of peri-implant disease.
What are some loading considerations?
- No fixed guidelines healing time length after surgery and before prosthetic loading.
- 3 months mandible, 6 months maxilla
- Movement= fibrous encapsulation vs. osseointegration
- functional load controlled and placement stable = immediate loading.
What are some indications for dental implants?
Single tooth
Partially or completely edentulous
Correction of maxillofacial deformities
Strong gag reflex
Long span bridges
Alternate to periodontally compromised teeth for bridge abutments
Hopeless periodontal or endodonticallyinvolved
Orthodontic anchorage
What are some contraindications for implant therapy?
<18-21 years →growth completion
Higher incidence of peri-implantitisor failure
Uncontrolled diabetes
Immunosuppression
Smoking
Bisphosphonates
Anticoagulant therapy
Untreated periodontitis
Uncontrolled periodontitis
Poor biofilm removal
What are some not contraindications?
Not a contraindication
Age (>18-21 yrs)
Gender / Sex
Race
Osteoporosis
HRT w/o bisphosphonates
What are the criteria for success used in implant therapy?
No peri-implant radiolucency
No mobility
No mechanical failure
Bone loss not >1/3 of implant
Probing depths approximately < 4-5mm
Functional
Esthetic satisfaction
No continuous bone loss
No persistent soft tissue complications
What is the surgical procedures for impants?
Differentiate submerged and nonsubmergedprotocol
