Risk assessment Lecture

Question 1

Risk assessment:

Answer 1

the systematic scientific characterization of potential adverse health effect resulting from human exposure to hazardous agents or situations

Question 2

how do we get to a safety factor of 100?

Answer 2

we use a factor of 10 for species differences, and a factor of 10 for intraspeicifc differences. For toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic differences. 10X10 =100

Question 3

LADD=

Answer 3

Question 4

Accetpable daily intake (ADI) and Tolerable daily intake (TDI) and the difference between the 2.

Answer 4

the daily intake of a chemical, which during an entire lifetime, appears to be without appreciable risk, based on currently available scientific information.

ADI is for food additives, pesticides and drugs.

TDI is for xenobitoics with no reason to be in food (e.g., industrial contaminants)

Question 5

what are HAHs

Answer 5

halogenated aromatic hydrocarbins are lighly lipohilic resistant to biotransformation and environmental degradation and extremely toxic (carcinogenic and teratogenic)

Question 6

during exposure assessment what are we questioning

Answer 6

what types, levels and duration of exposure are experienced or anticipated?

Question 7

On the dose response curve what is F?

Answer 7

NOAEL

Question 8

do they use 100 for ecological risk assessment?

Answer 8

usually not as stringent

Question 9

High-end exposure estimate (HEEE)

Answer 9

the upper 90th percentile of exposure in the human population. Basically people who are more susceptibkle!

Question 10

ADI or TDI=

Answer 10

NOAEL/safety factor (or 100)

Question 11

Short term exposure limits (STEL)

Answer 11

used in occupational settings for acute exposure to chemicals, mainly solvents

Question 12

Lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL)

Answer 12

in dose response assessment, the lowest dose that produces a signficantly elevated incidence of adverse response compared to control

Question 13

during exposure assessment what measurement do they use?

Answer 13

the lifetime average daily dose or LADD

Question 14

Risk management-

Answer 14

the process by which policy actions (regulations) to deal with the hazards identified in risk assessment are chosen

Question 15

Risk communication-

Answer 15

the process of making risk assessment and risk management information comprehensible to “nonscientific people” (e.g. lawyers, lay public, stakeholders)

Question 16

you do not want the LADD to be higher then the what? why?

Answer 16

TDI, because the TDI is what you can be exposed to in your whole life with no problem

Question 17

during hazard ID what are some of the things they look at? 4

Answer 17

1. structure activity relationships
2. In Vitro tests
3. Animal bioassays
4. epidemiology

Question 18

what are three examples of HAHs

Answer 18

1. dioxins
2. Furans
3. Polychlorinated byphenyls

Question 19

what are the 4 parts of risk assessment?

Answer 19

1. Hazrad ID
2. Dose-response assessment
3. Exposure assement
4. Risk characterizations.

Question 20

what are the 4 objectives of risk assesment:

Answer 20

1. Balance risks and benefits (e.g. drugs and pesticides)
2. Set target levels of risk (e.g. food and water contaminants)
3. Set priorites for program activies
4. Estimate residual risks and extent of risk reduction after steps are taken to reduce risks

Question 21

During dose-respoinse assessment what are some of the things we look at?

Answer 21

1. susceptibility (age, genes, environment)
2. Figuring out where on the dose response curve that we are being exposed.

Question 22

Risk-

Answer 22

The probability of an adverse outcome

Question 23

during risk characterization what are we questioning?

Answer 23

what is the nature and estimated incidence of adverse effects in a given population?

Question 24

Lifetime average daily dose (LADD):

Answer 24

the average dose that humans are exposed to on a daily basis for their entire life.

Question 25

No Observed adverse effect level (NOAEL)

Answer 25

in dose-response assessment, the highest dose that dose not produce a signficantly elevated incidence of adverse response compared to control.