Risk assessment Lecture Flashcards
Risk assessment:
the systematic scientific characterization of potential adverse health effect resulting from human exposure to hazardous agents or situations
how do we get to a safety factor of 100?
we use a factor of 10 for species differences, and a factor of 10 for intraspeicifc differences. For toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic differences. 10X10 =100
LADD=
Accetpable daily intake (ADI) and Tolerable daily intake (TDI) and the difference between the 2.
the daily intake of a chemical, which during an entire lifetime, appears to be without appreciable risk, based on currently available scientific information.
ADI is for food additives, pesticides and drugs.
TDI is for xenobitoics with no reason to be in food (e.g., industrial contaminants)
what are HAHs
halogenated aromatic hydrocarbins are lighly lipohilic resistant to biotransformation and environmental degradation and extremely toxic (carcinogenic and teratogenic)
during exposure assessment what are we questioning
what types, levels and duration of exposure are experienced or anticipated?
On the dose response curve what is F?
NOAEL
do they use 100 for ecological risk assessment?
usually not as stringent
High-end exposure estimate (HEEE)
the upper 90th percentile of exposure in the human population. Basically people who are more susceptibkle!
ADI or TDI=
NOAEL/safety factor (or 100)
Short term exposure limits (STEL)
used in occupational settings for acute exposure to chemicals, mainly solvents
Lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL)
in dose response assessment, the lowest dose that produces a signficantly elevated incidence of adverse response compared to control
during exposure assessment what measurement do they use?
the lifetime average daily dose or LADD
Risk management-
the process by which policy actions (regulations) to deal with the hazards identified in risk assessment are chosen
Risk communication-
the process of making risk assessment and risk management information comprehensible to “nonscientific people” (e.g. lawyers, lay public, stakeholders)
you do not want the LADD to be higher then the what? why?
TDI, because the TDI is what you can be exposed to in your whole life with no problem
during hazard ID what are some of the things they look at? 4
- structure activity relationships
- In Vitro tests
- Animal bioassays
- epidemiology
what are three examples of HAHs
- dioxins
- Furans
- Polychlorinated byphenyls
what are the 4 parts of risk assessment?
- Hazrad ID
- Dose-response assessment
- Exposure assement
- Risk characterizations.
what are the 4 objectives of risk assesment:
- Balance risks and benefits (e.g. drugs and pesticides)
- Set target levels of risk (e.g. food and water contaminants)
- Set priorites for program activies
- Estimate residual risks and extent of risk reduction after steps are taken to reduce risks
During dose-respoinse assessment what are some of the things we look at?
- susceptibility (age, genes, environment)
- Figuring out where on the dose response curve that we are being exposed.
Risk-
The probability of an adverse outcome
during risk characterization what are we questioning?
what is the nature and estimated incidence of adverse effects in a given population?
Lifetime average daily dose (LADD):
the average dose that humans are exposed to on a daily basis for their entire life.
No Observed adverse effect level (NOAEL)
in dose-response assessment, the highest dose that dose not produce a signficantly elevated incidence of adverse response compared to control.
