Risk Assessment Flashcards
List 4 top Adult Leading Causes of Death in order
- Heart Dz
- Cancer
- Lower Resp Dz
- Stroke
Leading cause of death in youth/young adult
Accidents
Leading Total Cancer killer for men and women
Lung Cancer
Leading cancer cause of death for females
Lung
Highest mortality cancer in females
Lung
Highest mortality gynecological cancer females
Ovarian
Nutritional requirements should be calculated on what?
Ideal body weight
Highest incidence of cancer in females?
Breast cancer
Leading cancer cause of death in males
lung cancer
Highest mortality rate cancer in men
Lung cancer
Highest mortality rate reproductive cancer in men?
prostate cancer
List greatest risk populations for suicide
Adolescent
Elderly
Adult male >40
List 4 Vaccines for adolescents
- Gardisil/cerevix ages 10-26 x 3 doses over 6 months
- Tdap every 10 years starting age 7
- Flu
- Meninogcoccal -ages 11-18, x1 after 5 years as freshman in college
Give frequency of visits in adolescent period
3 visits - 11-14, 15-17, 18-21
How to calculate Ideal body weight:
Male
Female
male: 110 pounds for 5 feet then 6 pounds per inch
female: 100 pounds for 5 feet then 5 pounds per inch
Basal calories
x
Activity calories
=
caloric requirement
IBW x 10 for basal calorie needs
+
activity calories calc by IBW x__
sedentary x 3
moderate x 5
heavy x 10
Pap Smear screenings
PAP age 21, GC screening
Cytology: q 3 yrs
HPV-co test starts age 30, every 5 years
Breast exams schedule
Self monthly is optional as young adult, not recommended as middle age adult
Clinical exam every 3 years starting at age 20, annually starting at age 40
What is the frequency of physical exams for young adults (20-39)
First at age 20,
then every 5-6 years
At what age does first cholesterol screening occur?
Frequency after that?
20
Ages 20-59, every 5 years unless cholesterol >200
After age 60, every 2-5 years unless cholesterol >200
What are 3 key points for pneumococcal vaccine recommendations?
Ages 19-64: Smokers and asthmatics
Age >65, all persons, MR every 5 years up to 3 doses
All persons who have chronic disease, weakened immune system, on chemo or radiation, persons in LTC facility
What is the pneumococcal recommendations for >65 years
1 at 65, every 5 years up to 3 total
What is the age for zostavax?
50
Mammogram recs?
baseline age 40
1-2 years from 40-49
annually 50 to age 74 as long as healthy
DRE recs
PSA recs
DRE starting at age 40 (with PSA at age 40 if + fam hx or AA race)
Anually thereafter
DRE +PSA for all males at age 50 annually
Colorectal screening recs
FPBT annually at age 50
Flex sig Q 5 yrs
Colonoscopy or double contrast barium enema (DCBE)
every 10 years
Age for baseline ECG
40
criteria to d/c pap smears
at age 65-70 if three consecutive normal cytologies and no abnormal tests in past 10 years
What age is considered elderly?
Geriatric?
60
65
Definition incidence
Frequency/ Rate in a particular population or area at a given time
20 cases per 500,000 people of botulism in 2010 in alaska
Definition prevalence
Proportion of a dsease at a particular time
1% women living in Illinois had lupus in 2010
Major cause of death young adult
MVC
homicide
suicide
injury
heart disease
AIDS
Major cause of death middle age
Heart disease
accident
lung CA
CVA
Breast and colorectal cancer
COPD
Major cause of death Elderly >60
Heart disease
CVA
COPD
PNA/flu
Lung and colorectal CA
Leading killer of AA (total) < 40 years
AIDS
Leading killer of AA males <35
Homicide
Over age 35, those who have never exercised should have what prior to starting exercise program?
Complete history and physical exam with exercise stress test
Primary Prevention:
*PPP*
Prior to onset of Problems
vaccines, avoid smoking, seat belts, healthy diet
People who should not exercise vigorously
CHF
Aortic stenosis with hemodynamic effects
Secondary prevention:
*SS*
Secondary=Screening
pap smear, prostate cancer screening, cholesterol screening
Tertiary Prevention:
Tertiary=Treatment:
Restoration of health, already ill
Cardiac rehab, PT after an MVC, cholesterol medication
What percentage of calories should come from each type of fuel source:
Carbs: 55-60
Fats: <30%, <10% sat fat
Protein: 0.8-1.0 g/kg/day
Do overall nutritional needs increase or decrease with illness?
Increase, on the test the right answer for a sick pt will be greater than min recs!
STD and PPD screening recs in adolescents?
Screen for STD and PPD in adolescents when in high risk enviornment/behavior
Breast/testicular exams in young adults?
20-39
Males: Monthly self exam
Females: optional monthly self breast exam,
clincal breast exam by provider every 3 years
Breast and testicular exam in middle age adult?
40-59
Males: Self exam every month
Females: no monthly exam per AOG, clinical exam every year by a provider
Exercise recs by AHA?
At least 30-40 min most days of the week
Define Antigen
Bad guys, capable of inducing an immune response
Define antibody
Synthesized in a reaction to an antigen
the fighters
Active immunity example
Conferred by antibody formation stimulated by an antigen
-generated by immunizations
Passive immunity
Conferred by antibody proteins such as gamma-globulin or from mother to fetus
Hep A vaccination recs
Military, travelers, MHSM
Hep B recs
Health care workers, high risk patients including sexually active adults
Mumps vaccine recommendations
Before 1957-1 dose (2 during outbreak)
After 1957> 2 doses
Meningococcal vaccine recs
Routine for adolescents age 11-12
college students, military
3 Hep B things to remember
Increases risk for fulminant liver failure
Diabetics have higher risk Hep B
Screen all patients for immunity
Is stress-test a screening?
No, diagnostic test for a complaint such as chest pain
If choosing between a mamogram and a lipid screening for a healthy adult female, which would you choose?
Lipid screening
(higher risk of death for heart disease overall)
What are normal breast changes with age?
Sagging
Cystic changes (lumpy)
( changes in skin or pores is not normal)
What places a patient at increased risk of breast cancer?
Prolonged reproductive years
