Risk assessment

Question 1

What is a risk factor?

Answer 1

Biologically plausible as a causal agent for the disease = show to prced the development of the disease in prospective clinical trials

Question 2

What is a risk indicator?

Answer 2

Biologically plausible as a causal agent for the disease shown to be associated with the disease in cross sectional studies

(not as strong as risk factor because evidence is not as strong!)

Question 3

What is a risk predictor?

Answer 3

No current biological plausability as a causative factor = associated with disease in cross sectional or longitudinal studies (may be markers or hstorical measures of disease)

Question 4

What is stillman’s clefts?

Answer 4

Not periodontitis

= millers class 1 recession defect but exposure of mucogingival junction (more susceptible to periodontitis)

Often occurs followign arch expansion orthodontics = predisposition to fenestration in bone

Question 5

What is occlusion?

Answer 5

Any contact between the mandibular and maxillary teeth in any position of the mandible

Question 6

What are the 4 main causes of excessive occlusal stress?

Answer 6

1. Parafunction/ Bruxism
2. Dental treatment (high restoration)
3. Occlusal disharmony (incorrect positioning of one or more teeth causes an abnormal increase in or change of direction of the force applied to one or more teeth when in occlusion)
4. Destruction of periodontal tissues by disease (normal forces but loss of bone)

Question 7

What is occlusal trauma?

Answer 7

An injury of the attachement apparatus as a result of excessive occlusal force

Question 8

What is primary occlusal trauma?

Answer 8

Abnormal forces acting on normal periodontal structures

Question 9

What is secondary occlusal trauma?

Answer 9

Normal/abnormal occlusal forces

effect on already reduced or weakened structures

Question 10

What is the response of the periodontium to unilateral forces?

Answer 10

Creates pressure & tension zones = hypermobility

Normal width of PDL maintained

Question 11

What is the response of the periodontium to forces from alternating directions (jiggling)?

Answer 11

PDL width increases = progressively more mobile

Question 12

What is the effect of occlusal trauma in sites with plaque associated periodontal disease?

Answer 12

Initiate physiologic bone resporption = enhance rate of progression of periodontal disease (only in the presence of plaque induced inflammation)