Risk and resilience Flashcards
What is mental health?
'’Our emotional, psychological and social wellbeing. Its affects out thinking, moods and behaviours. Everyone has mental health, and it is normal for mental health to change during times of stress. Positive mental health does not mean always being happy, but feeling empowered to talk about, cope with and overcome the things we might encounter in life’’
(Anna Freud Centre=)
The 100 Acre Wood (Shea et al/., 2000)
Social anxiety OCD Narcissistic personality disorder Anxiety ADHD Autism Depression Impulsivity learning/ learning difficulties/ eating disorders
Prevalence of MHDs in young people
NHS digit 2018
Significant increase in prevalence of mental health difficulties from early (2-4; 5.5.%) to middle childhood (5-10; 9.5%) and then again in adolescence (11-16; 14.4.%) and young adults (17-19; 16.9%)
-1 in 8, 5-19 year olds had at least 1 mental disorder
-emotional disorder most common
-females high rates (emotional) males higher rates (behavioural)
-first onset age 14
Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory
-human development involves interactions between children and environment
Ecological systems theory
- Microsystems- innermost levels, direct effects
- Mesosystems- Interaction between microsystems and ore distal domains
- Excosystems- social structures, indirect effect
- Macrosystems- Abstract broader societal and cultural values - Chronosystems- timing of development and historical time
Ecological systems theory
- child is active
- two directional interaction with child and environment
- interactions include interconnections with multiple settings
- properties and perceptions of environment
What is risk
Risk factors are factors that increase the likelihood of children experiencing negative developmental outcomes (Arther et al., 2002)
-Fixed and mixed variables
-Socio-demographic, relationships
-Stable over time (Stouthamer-Loeber et al., 2002)
-Duration of exposure
risk is about probability doesn’t effect everyone (Zolkoski & Bullock, 2012)
-Markers or proxies
Cumulative risk
- The number of RFs can predict childhood development outcomes better than a single RF
- Those who experience more RF = more problems/ -no. of RFs more important than their relative independent strength (Appleyard et al., 2013)
- CR effects found range of children outcomes e/.g. academic attainment, behaviour, mental health (Evans et al., 2013)
CR assumptions
- Greater no. of RFs, greater likelihood of problems
2. its the accumulation of RF, rather than the presence/absence of particular RF that impacts development
Form of the CR risk relationship
- often non-linear= quadratic relationship
- exponential or disproportionate increase in negative outcomes
- threshold effect
- saturation effect
Explanations of CR (Evans et al., 2013)
- Allostatic load
2. Disruption o proximal processes of development
What is resilience?
“The ability to withstand, recover from or thrive despite adversity”
(Anna Freud Centre)
Protective and promotive factors
- “resilience arises from ordinary resources and processes” (Masten, 2014, p.3)
- Resilience made up of P&P factors that contribute to positive outcomes despite exposure to greater than average risk (Brooks, 2006)
What are protective factors?
- factor that moderate the relationship between RFs and mental health difficulties
- “a predictor of positive outcomes particularly in situations of risk or adversity” (Wright, Narayan & Masten, 2013, p.17)
- influences the extent to which risk exposure affects outcomes
What are promotive facts?
factors that directly improve mental health difficulties, counteracting the negative effects of risk exposure
- independent influence – opposite pole of a variable to a RF
- counteracts negative exposure to RFs
