Risk

Question 1

Define risk

Answer 1

the probability of occurrence of some unwanted event or outcome

Question 2

Why do we overestimate risks?

Answer 2

Involuntary, not natural, unfamiliar, dreaded, unfair, very small

Question 3

Why do we underestimate risks?

Answer 3

Long term, common, voluntary, familiar

Question 4

Define correlation

Answer 4

Change in one variable is accompanied by a change in another

Question 5

Define causation

Answer 5

Change in one variable causes a change in another variable

Question 6

Describe cohort studies

Answer 6

A study that follows a large group of people over a long period of time to see who develops the disease and who does not. Researchers try to work out common variables between the people that do develop the disease.

Question 7

Describe case control studies

Answer 7

A group of people with the disease (cases) are compared with a control group of individuals who do not have the disease. Information about risk factors they are exposed to are collected, allowing factors that may have contributed to the development of the disease to be identified.
The control group should be representative of the population from which the case group was drawn. Sometimes controls are individually matched to cases e.g. age, sex

Question 8

Describe representative sample

Answer 8

Must be selected from wider population that the study’s conclusions will be applied to

Question 9

Describe sample size

Answer 9

Large enough to produce results that could not have occurred by chance