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Biology Topic 1 - Emma > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe the structure of a triglyceride

A

3 fatty acids and one glycerol molecule held together by ester bonds

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2
Q

Describe saturated fats

A

Straight chain with no carbon double bonds

No kinks so chains can pack together tightly increasing intermolecular forces so solid at RTP

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3
Q

Describe unsaturated fats

A

Mono - 1 c=c bond
Poly - 2 or more C=C bond
Have kinks so less compact so liquid at RTP
Hydrogenated fats - make unsaturated to saturated

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4
Q

Describe cholesterol

A

Short lipid molecule and vital for cell membranes
Sex hormones and growth hormone
Bile salts
made in liver from saturated fats

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5
Q

Define lipoprotein

A

insoluble cholesterol is binded to proteins to form soluble lipoproteins

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6
Q

Unsaturated and Saturated fats?

A

Saturated increases LDL levels

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7
Q

Define Monosaccharide

A

a single unit of sugar with general formula of (CH2O)n

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8
Q

Glucose

A

Main sugar in respiration when starch and glycogen is digested glucose is produced

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9
Q

Galactose

A

produces lactose

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10
Q

Fructose

A

occurs naturally in fruit, honey and veg, sweetness attracts animals to eat the fruit and help with seed dispersal

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11
Q

Define disaccharide

A

2 sugar units joined together by a condensation reaction

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12
Q

What bond is formed by a condensation reaction

A

glycosidic bond

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13
Q

Maltose

A

2 glucose, 1-4 bond, produced when amylose breaks down starch, fund in germinated seeds

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14
Q

Lactose

A

galactose and glucose

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15
Q

What do polydisaccharide need to be to be absorbed?

A

Mono, takes time released more slowly

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16
Q

Sucrose

A

Fructose and glucose - sugar is transported around a plant

17
Q

Why are polysaccharides good storage?

A

large so it doesn’t diffuse out, compact so it fits more in, insoluble so no osmotic effect as they don’t affect conc of water in cytoplasm

18
Q

Describe amylose

A

straight chain between 200 and 5000 glucose molecules with 1,4 bonds
Positioning causes coiling

19
Q

Describe amylopectin

A

has side branches as well, 1-6 link

20
Q

Describe glycogen

A

used by bacteria, fungi and animals instead of starch
Side branches rapidly hydrolysed fiving easy access to stored energy
in humans in kuscles liver

21
Q

Describe cellulose

A

dietary fibre non starch polysaccharide

Straight chain, 10,000 molecules

Biology Topic 1 - Emma (12 decks)

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