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World History > Rise of Totalitarianism COPY > Flashcards

Rise of Totalitarianism COPY Flashcards

1
Q

authoritarian government

A

when one political party is in control, and does not allow other parties influences

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2
Q

what is a dictator?

A

a ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained control by force.

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3
Q

What is a totalitarian government?

A

A government, usually with one leader, that takes total control of all aspects of public and private life.

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4
Q

What are four methods that dictators use to control their people?

A

Censorship
Propaganda
Leader Worship
Police State

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5
Q

What is censorship? Why does it work?

A
  • Stops any damaging information from being public

-People don’t get mad about things they don’t know about.

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6
Q

What is Propaganda?

A
  • Biased or false information used to sway people to accept the government’s views

-Stress the positives of the government and the negatives of their opponents

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7
Q

What are the propaganda techniques ?

A

Bandwagon- Tries to persuade everyone to join in and do the same thing.

Name-Calling: Negative words are used to create an unfavorable opinion in the public’s mind

Emotional Words: Words such as free, liberty, perish, and victory are used to evoke positive or negative feelings in the viewer.

Fear: Propagandist warns that something terrible will happen to the group or person if they do not follow a specific course of action.
Play on fear and try to get you not to think.

Plain Folks:Tries to convince people that normal, everyday people agree with whatever is being sold

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8
Q

Describe what a police state is.

A

Control your country through the use of fear. Used spies, bugging houses, and concentration camps to make people fearful.

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9
Q

Why does police state work to keep people in line.

A

People are so scared of the secret police, that they never question anything.

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10
Q

What is leader worship?

A

Replacing organized religion with worship of the dictator

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11
Q

Why is leader worship successful?

A

People will make sacrifices for religion
The leader gets to be unquestioned no matter what

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12
Q

What kind of government style did Russia have before its revolutions?

A

Monarchy

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13
Q

What is a czar?

A

Russian word for king

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14
Q

What were the workers asking for on Bloody Sunday?

A

Better work hours, conditions, and pay
Free Healthcare
Parliament and voting rights
Freedom of speech, association, press, and religion
End of fighting in their war with Japan

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15
Q

Why was Bloody Sunday so damaging to the czar?

A

Riots broke out nationwide, and Nicholas never regained full control or the trust of his people because he killed them/ gave in to some demands and then took it back soon after

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16
Q

In what ways did WWI lead to the end of the Russian monarchy?

A

Russia lost over 2 million troops, and almost 1 million civilians in the war.
Food was scarce because it was mostly going to the military
People were furious with the government and eventually the Czar had to step down
-nicholas went to front line to help, left government with his wife who was under influence of Rasputin. (ruined reputation of monarchy)

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17
Q

What were the Russians fighting for in their Civil War?

A

They were fighting over who would be the new government in Russia
It was a fight between the Red Army (the Communists) and the White Armies (who didn’t want communism)

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18
Q

who won the civil war?

A

red army( communist)

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19
Q

Explain the slogan of the Bolsheviks?

A

Peace - Getting out of WWI
Land - Giving land to the peasants
Bread - Providing food to all to end foot shortages

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20
Q

Who took over after Lenin died?

A

Josef Stalin

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21
Q

How did Stalin use censorship to control the public?

A

He cut people out of pictures, “unpersoned” those who crossed him, and wouldn’t’ let any bad news about his government be printed.

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22
Q

How did Stalin use propaganda to control the public?

A

He hung posters of how great the Soviet Union was, had songs about himself, wrote all the books, made children’s cartoons, etc.

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23
Q

How did Stalin use leader worship to control the public?

A

Built statues of himself, had religious songs written about him

24
Q

How did Stalin use police state to control the public?

A

Had gulags to throw prisoners in, used secret police,

25
Q

What was the holodomor?

A

Stalin’s program of taking food from Ukraine as punishment for rebelling. It killed over 6 million people in less than a year.

26
Q

How did the Soviet economy (businesses, etc) run on Communist principles?

A

The government owned and operated all businesses and farms. They also controlled everyone’s labor.

27
Q

How did the factories operate in the Soviet Union?

A

The government decided what to make, how it was made, and who worked there.

28
Q

What issues were there with the factories in the Soviet Union?

A

In order to meet the quotas, work days were often 16 hours, 76 days a week. Secret police operated the factories and killed anyone who wasn’t work hard enough. Focused mostly on making heavy industry goods, instead of household goods.

29
Q

What are collective farms?

A

Massive government owned and operated farms.

30
Q

What problems did collective farming have?

A

People didn’t want to work on them, and sabotaged the work. Millions were killed when they resisted work.

31
Q

What evidence is there that the Soviet industrial and agricultural revolutions were successful?

A

Iron, coal, and steel production increased. Wheat production doubled.

32
Q

What were the successes of Stalin as a leader?

A

He was able to maintain power for decades.
He took a backwards country and turned it into a military and industrial of the United States

33
Q

What were the failures of Stalin as a leader?

A

He was responsible for the deaths of millions of his people\Totalitarian life in Germany

34
Q

What was the Weimar Republic?

A

Democracy put into place by Treaty of Versailles, enforced by the Allies of WWI. Got rid of Germans monarchy.

35
Q

Why were Germans mad at the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Made Germany pay reparations to France, guilt for the war, no more military, lost their lands. made them weak

36
Q

What is hyperinflation?

A

Rapid increase in value of money

37
Q

Why did Germany purposely hyperinflate their economy?

A

To pay back their reparations

38
Q

How did US help Germany with hyperinflation?

A

Dawes plan: Loaned Germany A lot of US money to pump into their economy, to stop hyperinflation.

39
Q

What was the problem with this solution?

A

Tied Europeans economy to the United States economy

40
Q

What were the three underlying causes of the Great depression in the US?

A

Too many people relied on credit to buy goods
Inequality of wealth
The banking system collapsed, taking with it people’s money

41
Q

How did the Great Depression affect the rest of the world?

A

When our economy stopped, we stopped loaning money to Germany, which collapsed their economies. They were then unable to pay France and Britain, which collapsed their economies.

42
Q

How did the US get out of the Great Depression?

A

All did some form of “Government putting large amounts of money into the economy to jump start it.
We paid people to build schools, plant trees, etc. Eventually, we paid them to build war materials for WW2.

43
Q

How did the Great Depression affect regular people in Germany?

A

Lost their jobs, lost their savings in the bank.

44
Q

How did Hitler use the Great Depression to take power?

A

He used the fear and anger at the government to convince them he was the only person who could fix it

45
Q

What are the major beliefs of Fascism?

A

Based on extreme loyalty to one leader and to the “nation” over the individual
Strong countries are better countries, and need a strong military to conquer lesser countries
Individualism and liberalism enable dangerous decadence and have a negative effect on the group.
A strong sense of community or brotherhood, brought together by the belief they are victims.

46
Q

What was the reichstag fire?

A

A fire that at their government building

47
Q

Who was found guilty of the fire?

A

A Communists

48
Q

Who probably started the fire?

A

Nazis- Hitler

49
Q

How did the Nazis use the Reichstag Fire to take control of Germany?

A

Blamed the fire on the communist political party, which allowed them to outlaw the communist party from elections, allowing the nazi party to win the election.

50
Q

What was the Enabling Act?

A

Made Hitler a dictator by allowing him to have sole power to pass laws.

51
Q

How did Mussolini use the methods of control?

A

Censorship- had control over the mass media, newspapers, radio, and film, industry, schools, The free press was outlawed.

Police state- A network of spies and secret policemen(OVRA) watched over the population.

Leader worship- “Mussolini Is Always Right” Mussolini was called Il Duce. His slogan was “Believe! Obey! Fight!”

Propaganda- organizations to promote their ideals- Fascist youth group. These youth groups particularly focused on military activities and values.

52
Q

how did Mussolini gain power?

A

Mussolini and black shirts -civil war in countryside

March on Rome
His supports did march on rome to force King to give Facistsi representation in the government
King gave in- fear of violence
Thought could control the NEW party

53
Q

what type of Italians backed the Fascist party? why

A

Got support from Italians
People tired of chaos. Wanted stability and order
(military, middle class)

54
Q

what were the issues in Italy after WWI?

A

Land- believed that they had been cheated by their Allies -was not given land they wanted

Economic- high levels of unemployment resulting from the rapid demobilization of millions of troops and the slowness to return to a peacetime economy, and inflation

Political-. The parliamentary government had effectively broken down

Communism- fear of Bolshevism(communism).Italy in the summer of 1920 when workers occupied the engineering factories of the northern Italian

55
Q

How did Hitler use the 4 methods of control?

A

Propaganda
Videos, ant-sentism pictures
Censorship
Book burning
Leader Worship
Made himself a god figure
Police State
Sent enemies to concentration camps, secret police.

World History (5 decks)

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