Decolonization Flashcards
Where did the terms 1st/ 2nd/ 3rd world come from?
1st: nato countries. Democracy
2nd: Warsaw pact. Communist
3rd: the countries 1/ 2 are fighting over that are becoming independent after WWII
list 3 reasons why decolonization now
- colonial nationlaism
2.cost of colonies
3.pressure cold war
explain colonial nationalism
Many natives fought for the European countries in WWII to try and gain freedom.
Groups formed in colonies to push for natives to rule their own countries.
These movements took both violent and non-violent forms
Violent- Mostly guerilla fighting against the smaller European colonizers
After WW2, must Europeans didn’t want to be in ANY wars anymore
Non-Violent- Used boycotts, mass protests, or civil disobedience
explain cost of colonies
After WW2, European countries did not have the money needed to deal with these nationalist movements.
Wars and violent rebellions were expensive, and the European public was not ready to back more wars around the globe.
Non-violent movements cost a lot of money to combat
Native refused to cooperate with any laws or directions
Had to jail huge numbers of people
Boycotts meant the European countries weren’t getting money
The colonies became too expensive to operate and began costing money instead of making money
explain pressure from US/USSR
Cold War: indirect fight between US/ Soviets over ideals
US- After WW2- little to no destruction . Wanted to spread our way of life to others . freedom and equality to colonies( as long as they picked capitalism)
USSR- Destroyed after WWII . Communism preaches about equality of the working class, and urged nationalist leaders to rise up against their “rich, capitalist rulers”
Why did Communism gain support in China during the Civil War
Poor peasants liked it since they offered to redistribute land from the wealthy to them.
What was the Great Leap Forward? Did it work?
Mao( communist leader in china after civil war) massive program to create agriculture and industry in china.
Millions of citizens sent to work on collective farms and work on massive industrial projects( building dams/ railroads/ making iron and steel)
Failure- killed 30 million in famine and poor industrial goods made
What was the cultural revolution? What group of people helped?
Goal was to emphasize maps strict socialists ideas and attack traditional Chinese ideas
Red guard
What was the little red book?
Book of all maos quotes that reinforced what was acceptable for Chinese communists
How did Mao use the methods of control?
Red guard- group to protect the revolution of young people. Beat, kill, or imprisonment thousands who opposed mao’s ideas
Censorship- Closed universities/ schools.
Leader worship- got rid of temples/ relics destroyed
Propaganda- little red book
Why did India want independence in the 1940s?
Resistance intensifies 1939-Britain committed India’s armed forces to WWII without consulting the colony’s elected representatives
-launched a “Quit India” campaign to achieve independence
-Gandhi used non-violence
Britain could no longer hold onto India as a colony
Expensive/ colonial nationalism
What did the Indian National Congress want for the future of India? Why?
To keep India as one country . thought it would be economically bad and split more religions and people up is bad
What did the muslim League want for the future of India ? Why?
They wanted a creation of a muslim majority country where their voices would be heard. Since it was not heard as much in India
What was Partition?
The break up of india after british left into two new countries
What new countries were created from partitioning India
East and west pakistan/ india
