Rise of Polyphony Flashcards
polyphony
music in which voices perform together in separate parts
counterpoint
combination of multiple independent lines
harmony
regulation of simultaneous notes/sounds
Polyphony allowed for…
counterpoint, harmony, centrality of notation in Western music, and composition as distinct from performance.
Musica enchiriadis
9th century treatise containing oldest preserved references to and examples of organum
organum
a polyphonic composition in which existing plainchant melody is combined with 1+ improvised/newly composed voices above/below
Major composers of Cathedral of Notre Dame were…
Leonin and Perotin.
Notre-Dame organum
Ca. 1200; Most elaborate organum form; Originates from Cathedral of Notre Dame
Magnus liber organi
Great Book of Organum; Contains polyphonic settings of proper chants for important feat days
Anonymous IV
English theorist who explains how Notre-Dame notation works; Introduced Leonin and Perotin
clausula
self-contained portion of organum
Substitute claulusae in medieval motets had…
same notes but different rhythms in lower voices.
New words in medieval motet fitted…
to upper voices in syllabic rather than melismatic style.
Medieval motets added texts were…
Latin (sacred) and French (courtly love).
Anonymous IV Perotin as expanding…
Leonin’s work.
Perotin coordinated three newly-composed voices over plainchant melody by…
taking advantage of rhythmic patterns (rhythmic modes).
By 14th century, notation had developed to…
allow duple meter and completely independent parts.
14th century polyphony referred to as…
ars nova (new art).
13th century polyphony referred to as…
ars antiqua.
Guillaume de Machut (ca. 1300-1377) set…
ordinary parts of the Mass (daily songs) instead of the Proper (annual songs).
Pope John XXII disliked…
polyphony.
Polyphony was considered concerning because…
potentially obscured liturgy, use of vernacular language, robbed chant of its virility, and created sensuous atmosphere.
isorhythm
technique using repeating rhythmic pattern throughout a composition
