Rio (Urban Environments)

Question 1

Spatial patterns of land use

Answer 1

North zone : industrial (docks, warehouses), airport, Lowe quality houses with poor services

Centre : historic (imperial palace and cathedral), dominated by retail and tall buildings, large companies had their HQ there

West zone : modern area, luxury apartments, shopping malls, tourist facilities

South zone : home to rochina (South America’s largest favela) overlooking the main beaches, tourist and high rise apartments (fortress landscapes)

Question 2

Social issues

Answer 2

• housing problems : arise from 100,00 migrants arriving a year resulting in squatter settlements
• corruption : gun and knife crimes, kidnapping and murder in favelas

Question 3

Strategies to manage social issues

Answer 3

• favela bairro project : provided basic sanitation, services and improved quality of life in over 140 neighbourhoods
• community policing : restored control in nearly 200 favelas

Question 4

Economic issues

Answer 4

• unemployment : around 20%

Question 5

Strategies to improve economic issues

Answer 5

• new economic activity : improving ICT, public transport and the traditional industries
• cable cars : links inaccessible parts of slums to the inner city to open more job opportunities for people in slums

Question 6

Environmental issues

Answer 6

• air pollution : congestion, 40% in suburbs resulting in 4 million cars jamming roads
• water pollution : result from poor sewage
• dereliction : scheme to remodel favelas is increasing house prices pushing poor families out leaving abandoned buildings, less than a mile from maracana stadium hundreds are squatting in derelict buildings with no sanitation

Question 7

Strategies to improve environmental issues

Answer 7

Air pollution : cable cars, metro system has been extended to 5 lines totalling 75km of track

Water pollution : environmental laws to control and reduce raw sewage and landfill problems in Guanabara bar

Dereliction :
- squatting organisations attempt to secure abandoned houses for the poor
- national movement for housing struggle aim to renovate and build new houses for families living in inadequate housing

Question 8

Economic inequality

Answer 8

• unemployment : 20%, poorest people earn 13% of Rios income

Question 9

Social segregation

Answer 9

Wealth : 60% favelas located in the suburbs and 25% in outer parts of the city

Ethnicity :
- intense concentration of affluent in the south zone (80% white)
- racial profile of the city is 50% black or mixed race