London (Urban Environments

Question 1

Spatial patterns of land use

Answer 1

CBD :
- leading financial centre
- offices, retail and hotels
- Canary Wharf 4km east from city created a second CBD
- 36% residential, 25% green land

Inner city :
- inner suburbs and industrial areas are being replaced by modern developments as land values are high
- edge of Hyde park is the most expensive suburb

Outer suburbs :
- rural urban fringe
- every house has a garden, building density is lower

Question 2

Economic inequality

Answer 2

Income : Chelsea = 130k, Newham = 35k, more 25% people live in poverty

Question 3

Social segregation

Answer 3

Wealth : inner city areas e.g. Notting Hill have been gentrified forcing poorer residents out of the area

Ethnicity : Brent = 60% not white British, Havering = 16%

Question 4

Social issues

Answer 4

• lack of affordable housing : inner city areas e.g. Notting Hill gentrified forcing out poorer residents
• ethnic minority proportion differ : Brent 60% not white British, Havering 16%
• hate crime
• ethnocentric curriculum does not reflect diversity

Question 5

Strategies to manage social issues

Answer 5

• affordable homes : Mayor Sadiq Khan plan to build more affluent homes in London
• sports led regeneration (Olympics) : creates 3000 affordable homes HOWEVER : 1200 ended up affordable
• language classes : more than 300 languages spoken in London
• police aim to tackle hate crime
• ‘the black curriculum’ has partnered with some London boroughs to diversify the curriculum

Question 6

Economic issues

Answer 6

• Income : Chelsea = 130k, Newham = 35k
• low wages / few jobs : 25% live in poverty

Question 7

Strategies to manage economic issues

Answer 7

• London weighting : allowance paid to servants, teachers etc to help with cost of living crisis and encourage key workers to stay in London
• minimum wage increase : 8.45 per hour to 9.75
• sport led regeneration (Olympics) : aimed to create 3000 new jobs

Question 8

Environmental issues

Answer 8

Air pollution :
- traffic congestion : average driver loses 101 hours per year
- 99% of London had pollution levels above World health organisations recommended limits
- 9400 premature deaths attributed to air quality increasing NHS costs

Water pollution :
- Victorian sewage system at capacity, when it rains peeped cannot hold rainwater so sewage causes flooding and discharge in the Thames

Dereliction :
- deindustrialisation

Question 9

Strategies to manage environmental issues

Answer 9

Air pollution :
- congestion charges : £15 for those who drive in the congestion zone
- short term plan : reduce road disruption, improve bus reliability
- clean air acts

Water pollution :
- environmental agency spending money on green roofs, detention basins and underground storage for water to prevent flooding

Dereliction :
- London dock lands development corporation : new houses, open space, old warehouses converted to new homes
- brownfield sites : planted 4000 trees, £1.8 billion allocated to turn brown fields into housing