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Research Methods > Rigour And Trustworthiness > Flashcards

Rigour And Trustworthiness Flashcards

1
Q

Why is rigour important?

A

Doing it properly and being able to demonstrate what you have done, eliminate all sources of error or reporting if not possible

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2
Q

Where is rigour important in the research process?

A
  • all stages!!!

- need a transparent audit trail

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3
Q

What is the language of rigour or trustworthiness for quantitative research?

A
  • validity
  • reliability
  • generalisability
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4
Q

What is the language of rigour or trustworthiness for qualitative research?

A
  • dependability
  • credibility
  • transferability
  • confirmability
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5
Q

What is validity? (rigour in quantitative)

A
  • does it measure what it says it does?

- are results biased or distorted? - by poor design or unexpected events during research

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6
Q

What is reliability? (Rigour in quantitative research)

A
  • does it do what it says it does, time and time again? - overall study design and individual measures within the study
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7
Q

How do you assess validity and reliability in a literature review in quantitative research?

A

Validity - matches research process
Reliability - search can be repeated to yield same results
Considerations - sources

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8
Q

How do you assess validity and reliability in data collection tools in quantitative research?

A

Validity - suits they research design and reduces bias
Reliability - a different sample, selected the same way and produced the same results
Considerations - purposive/random selection criteria size

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9
Q

How do you assess validity and reliability in data collection process in quantitative research?

A

Validity - the best methods for the study design
Reliability - if repeated will gather similar data
Considerations - how, who, where, when

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10
Q

How do you assess validity and reliability in data input in quantitative research?

A

Validity - suits study design
Reliability - error reduction
Considerations - how, who

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11
Q

How do you assess validity and reliability in data analysis in quantitative research?

A

Validity - statistical
Reliability - can be repeated
Considerations - how

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12
Q

How do you assess validity and reliability in reporting in quantitative research?

A

Validity - detail of processes
Reliability - enables repetition
Considerations - limitations

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13
Q

What is generalisability?

A
  • the relevance and applicability of findings to a wider population
  • can mean the whole population or a specific population
  • the more convincing the results, the more generalisable they are
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14
Q

What is trustworthiness in qualitative research?

A
  • methodological soundness and adequacy
  • theoretical connection between stages of research design
  • transparency: audit trail makes procedures explicit
  • judged by how dependable, credible, transferable and conformance the research is
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15
Q

What is methodological soundness?

A
  • philosophical bias is appropriate

- subsequent choices about method match the philosophical basis

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16
Q

What is dependability on trustworthiness in qualitative research?

A
  • replaces reliability
  • findings are consistent and accurate
  • evidence of analysis procedures
  • content of research should be described
  • audit trail: enables readers to follow decision making
  • enables repetition of study by others
17
Q

What is credibility in trustworthiness in qualitative research?

A
  • replaces validity
  • incredible: beyond belief or understanding
  • credible: believable, understandable by participants and readers
  • findings ring true
18
Q

What is transferability in trustworthiness in qualitative research?

A
  • replaces generalisability
  • findings in one context can be transferred to other similar contexts and retain relevance
  • enhanced by thorough description of research processes, context and assumptions
  • the transferee makes judgement of how sensible the transfer is
19
Q

What is confirmability in trustworthiness in qualitative research?

A
  • replaces objectivity
  • meaning: able to be shown to be true
  • decision and/or audit trail needed
  • role, background and feelings of researcher available for scrutiny
  • combined with evidence of how themes, constructs and interpretations are reached
  • intellectual honesty and openness
20
Q

What are the strategies to ensure trustworthiness?

A
  • member checking
  • outliers
  • peer review
  • triangulation
  • thick description
  • reflexivity
21
Q

What is member checking?

A
  • helps ensure interpretation matches participants perspectives
  • has researcher understood?
  • traditionally achieved by returning transcripts
  • problematic, especially in interpretative methodologies
  • alternatives: co-constitute at interview, team analysis/interpretation
22
Q

What is outliers?

A
  • unlikely that all data will fit neatly together
  • evidence of outliers convinces that a more realistic breadth of experience has been recorded
  • encourages revision of explanations/interpretations to encompass all findings
23
Q

What is peer review?

A
  • colleagues familiar with and competent in qualitative procedures re-analyse the raw data and discuss issues raised by researcher
  • each reviewer acts independability initially before collaborating to discuss/agree
  • consensus developed from this suggests that findings would reflect when anyone else would reasonably see in the data
24
Q

What is triangulation?

A
  • examining a phenomenon or topic from different perspectives
  • commonest technique is methodological triangulation, including: more than one data collection method, mixed methods
25
Q

What is thick description?

A
  • helps establish the truth value of research
  • linked to audit
  • indicates the depth of description and detail necessary to enable the reader to exclude quality
26
Q

What do you need to consider with reflexivity?

A
  • can be emotionally challenging

- not the same as reflection

27
Q

What is reflection?

A

Looking back on an experience in order to understand from it

28
Q

What is reflexivity?

A

A constant process of self-evaluation during an event in order to understand and manage ones own influence on that event

29
Q

What is reflexivity in qualitative research?

A
  • researcher connectedness
  • managing bias
  • designing strategies into the research to minimise negative bias and enhance positive
  • being transparent
  • enhancing rigour/trustworthiness
30
Q

What is rigour?

A

The quality of being extremely thorough and careful in both the conduct and reporting of research so that quality can be assessed and judged by others

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