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Millwright Block 1 Harmonized (NS) > Rigging And Lifting > Flashcards

Rigging And Lifting Flashcards

1
Q

What are the advantages of wire rope compared to chain for hoisting? (3)

A

-stronger
-warning of failure
-shows defects easier

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2
Q

What is FC in terms of wire rope?

A

Fibre core

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3
Q

What is IWRC or WRC in terms of wire rope?

A

Independent wire rope cores

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4
Q

The distance along the rope in which a strand makes one revolution refers to what term?

A

Lay length

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5
Q

What is the most common rope lay?

A

Regular right lay

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6
Q

What type of lay requires that wires are twisted left into individual strands before twisting right over the main core.

A

Right regular lay

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7
Q

What lay requires both wires and strands to be twisted the same direction?

A

Lang lay

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8
Q

What are the advantages of lang lay?

A

More flexible
Takes longer to wear

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9
Q

Why does lang lay take longer to wear?

A

More area in contact with the drum spools or sheaves

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10
Q

Disadvantages of lang lay

A
  • both ends permanently fixed
  • no single part lift
  • no swivels
  • no slings
  • no resistance to crushing
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11
Q

Describe preformed wire rope

A

-twist in individual wire and strand to eliminate internal stress.

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12
Q

How are wire ropes classified?

A
  • number of wires per strand
  • number of strands
  • type of core
  • the lay
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13
Q

How is wire rope measured?

A

Greatest diameter

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14
Q

How do you find the mechanical advantage of a pulley?

A

The number of ropes that support the moving pulley

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15
Q

Where should the hook be positioned on a lift in regards to the load?

A

Over the centre of gravity

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16
Q

When using 2 slings where should the centre of gravity of the load be located?

A

In between the two slings

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17
Q

As the sling angle decreases what happens to the sling stress?

A

Sling stress increases

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18
Q

On a two legged sling arrangement with an angle of 90 degrees on each sling, what percentage of load will each sling carry?

A

50% each
(On a 2000lbs load each sling will carry 1000lbs)

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19
Q

On a two legged sling arrangement with an angle of 30 degrees on each sling, what percentage of load will each sling carry?

A

100%
(With a 2000lbs load each sling will carry 2000lbs)

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20
Q

What is the recommended safe working angle for slings?

A

60 degrees

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21
Q

What angle should slings never be used at?

A

45-30 degrees or less

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22
Q

How can you ensure your sling angles are always greater than 60 degrees from the horizontal?

A

By ensure your length of sling is greater than the space between slings.

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23
Q

The term for use of tools or mechanical devices to multiply force, is what?

A

Mechanical advantage

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24
Q

When using two slings to hoist a load at what angle to horizontal is the stress on the slings the least?

A

90 degrees

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25
Q

When using two slings to hoist a load, what happens to the sling stress as the sling angle to the horizontal decreases?

A

The sling stress increases

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26
Q

The point at which an object will balance is what?

A

The centre of gravity

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27
Q

How can the mechanical advantage of a pulley system be described?

A

The effort distance compared to the resistance distance

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28
Q

If a load is rigged with the centre of gravity off to one side what will happen when it’s hoisted in the air?

A

The load will tilt until the centre of gravity is directly below the hook

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29
Q

What happens if you hoist an object with the centre of gravity above the lifting points?

A

The load could topple

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30
Q

What is the safe and proper procedure if during a hoist the load tilts more than 5 degrees

A

Lower the lift and rearrange the rigging

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31
Q

What is the mechanical advantage of a block and tackle with two sheaves on the fixed block and two sheaves on the travelling block?

A

4:1

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32
Q

Where is the safety system located on the block and tackle?

A

It has no safety system

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33
Q

What lifting device is designated to pull in all positions, uses self energizing jaws, and has an unlimited amount of cable travel?

A

The tirfor

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34
Q

What is the safety system found in the tirfor?

A

A shear pin breaks and seizes the load when overloaded

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35
Q

What is the safety feature found on a cable-type come along?

A

Handle bends when overloaded

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36
Q

What feature does the OHS regulation require on all trolleys?

A

Drop stops

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37
Q

How is the size of a Jack designated?

A

By capacity

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38
Q

What are slings designed to do?

A

Connect a load to a lifting device

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39
Q

What type of rope lay is in the picture?

A

Right regular lay

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40
Q

Wha type of rope lay is on the right?

A

Right lang lay

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41
Q

What type of rope lay is on the right?

A

Left regular lay

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42
Q

What term refers to the measure of rope at its thickets point?

A

Diameter

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43
Q

How is chain size determined?

A

By the diameter of the rod that is used to form each link

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44
Q

A higher grade number on a chain indicates what?

A

Greater break strength

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45
Q

What is the lowest grade chain that can be used for hoisting?

A

Grade 80

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46
Q

If you need to protect a load from marring what sling would you use?

A

Fibre web sling (normally synthetic)

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47
Q

What are the two primary functions of a snatch block?

A

Change the direction of a rigging cable
Increase pulling power

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48
Q

What is the mechanical advantage of a snatch block?

A

2:1

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49
Q

What is the angular pull limit of a shouldered eyebolt?

A

Min 45 degrees

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50
Q

What does WLL stand for?

A

Working load limit

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51
Q

What is the working load limit of an eyebolt (shouldered) at a 45 degree pull from vertical?

A

75% reduction in WLL

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52
Q

What is the working load reduction of an eyebolt (shouldered) at a 15 degree pull from vertical?

A

45% reduction in WLL

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53
Q

What are the 3 basic types of pins available for both shackle classes?

A
  • screw
  • round
  • safety type
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54
Q

What are the 2 classes of shackles?

A
  • anchor (bow)
  • chain (D)
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55
Q

How do you prevent side loading a shackle?

A

Packing washers

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56
Q

How much does the crimping action of a cable clip reduce the breaking strength of wire rope? (%)

A
  • 20%
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57
Q

What is the formula for the number of cable clips to be used?

A

= diameter of wire rope x 3 +1

(Dx3+1)

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58
Q

What is the formula for finding the spacing of clips on wire rope?

A

= diameter of rope x 6

( Dx6)

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59
Q

How much does a incorrectly installed cable clip reduce the breaking strength of a wire rope? (%)

A

50%

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60
Q

What are the 3 most common hook types?

A

-slip
-grab
-sorting

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61
Q

What are grab hooks designed to do?

A

To grab onto chain links

62
Q

To protect from the stress of twisting while under load all hoisting chains should be equipped with what?

A

Swivels

63
Q

What are the 3 basically types of hitches?

A

Vertical
Choker
Basket

64
Q

A vertical hitch with 2 or more legs is called what?

A

Bridle hitch

65
Q

How many legs are supporting a load on a 6 legged bridle hitch?

A

Max 2

66
Q

How much does using a choker hitch reduce the capacity of a sling?

A

Min 25%

67
Q

What can you use to protect a sling from sharp corners?

A

Softeners

68
Q

When is a single choker hitch NOT recommended

A

Loose loads as it can push loose items up and out of the choker

69
Q

At what load length is it best to use a double choker?

A

When items are more than 3M (10ft) long

70
Q

What type of choker should be used to lift a bundle of loose items?

A

Double wrap choker hitch

71
Q

What happens to the capacity of a sling when using a basket hitch?

A

It doubles

72
Q

When should single basket hitches NOT be used?

A

When a load could tilt or slide out of the hitch.

73
Q

What angle should the legs of a double basket hitch be at?

A

At least 60 degrees or more

74
Q

What basket hitch can be used for loose loads?

A

Double wrap basket hitch

75
Q

What is the purpose of a spreader bar?

A

To create a more ideal angle to the slings attached. (Thus prevent tipping or sliding)

76
Q

What is the purpose of an equalizer bar?

A

To ensure a load is distributed evenly.
Specifically helpful for tandem lifts

77
Q

What happens to nylon slings when they are wet?

A

Strength is decreased

78
Q

How many distributed broken wires in one rope lay would require it to be removed from service?

A

6

79
Q

How many broken wires in one strand in one rope lay would require it to be removed from service?

A

3

80
Q

How many broken wires near a fitting need to occur for a rope to be removed from service?

A

1.

81
Q

In wire rope terminology what does “one rope lay” refer to?

A

The lengthwise distance for one strand revolution

82
Q

What is it that enables both of the threaded rods in a turnbuckle to simultaneously tighten or loosen while turning the sleeve in one direction?

A

LH threads on one side RH on the other

83
Q

What type of synthetic sling has metal triangles of equal size on each end?

A

Basket web sling

84
Q

What type of sling is best for loads that are abrasive or hot and require a wide bearing surface?

A

Metal mesh sling

85
Q

What is the maximum pull angle that a shoulder eyebolts are able to withstand

A

45 degrees to the vertical

86
Q

When several slings are to be attached to a single hook, what is used to make the connection to the hook?

A

Shackle

87
Q

To prevent cross-bow loading what is the maximum angle between any two slings at a shackle?

A

45 degrees

88
Q

Besides allowing the rigger to quickly connect a shocker hitch to a load what other purpose does the design of a choker hitch serve?

A

Protects the sling from sharp ends at the choker point

89
Q

What part of the loop must the U-bolt part of a cable clip grab onto?

A

Dead end of the rope

90
Q

What determines the amount of cable clips required for a connection?

A

Diameter of the rope

91
Q

What style of hook is designed so the throat fits between the links of a chain?

A

Grab

92
Q

What is a rigging softener?

A

Pad used to protect a sling from sharp corners of a load

93
Q

When lifting a bundle of pipes horizontally with slings what hitch would be recommended?

A

Double wrap basket hitch

94
Q

What is the recommended safe lifting angle? (from the horizontal)

A

60 degrees

95
Q

What is it called when continuous pounding of a wire rope causes strands to become flattened, distorted, and brittle.

A

Peening

96
Q

What is the term to describe the displacement of wires and strands as a result of wire rope rubbing against itself?

A

Scrubbing

97
Q

What can result from sudden stops or the wire rope being pulled through tight sheaves or winding on too small of a drum?

A

Bird caging

98
Q

What is the minimum amount of loops to be on a rope drum?

A

3

99
Q

How are cranes usually identified?

A

Construction of boom
Type of carrier

100
Q

What does this signal mean?

A

Raise load up (cable up)

101
Q

What does this signal mean?

A

Emergency stop

102
Q

What does this signal mean?

A

Lower boom

103
Q

What does this signal mean?

A

Lower the boom and raise the load (lower boom maintain load)

104
Q

The wrapping applied at the end of a rope to prevent the rope strands from unraveling is called what?

A

Whipping

105
Q

A __________ secured two ends of the same rope

A

Knot

106
Q

A __________ is a knot that joins two separate ropes together

A

Bend

107
Q

A ____________ attaches a rope to an object like a rail, post, or ring

A

Hitch

108
Q

What is the portion of the rope that form the loop termed?

A

Bight

109
Q

A long portion of rope is called what?

A

Standing part

110
Q

What type of know is this?

A

Bowline knot

111
Q

What type of knot is this ?

A

Reef or square knot

112
Q

What kind of knot is this?

A

Double sheet bend

113
Q

What type of knot is this?

A

Clove hitch tied in position

114
Q

What type of knot is this?

A

Figure 8
Or
Stopper knot

115
Q

What type of knot is this?

A

Non slip loop

116
Q

What type of Manila rope has one or more coloured strands?

A

Number 1 grade

117
Q

Which type of dry rope has the best electrical insulating properties?

A

Polypropylene

118
Q

Up to how much will nylon rope stretch when loaded to the breaking point?

A

40 % of its original length

119
Q

How should you remove new rope from its shipping coil?

A

Pull it from inside of the coil

120
Q

What is the maximum load that should be imposed on a rope for rigging?

A

1/5 it’s breaking strength

121
Q

How much can sharp bends and knots reduce the strength of a rope by?

A

50%

122
Q

When knot tying what do you call the portion of rope that forms the loop?

A

Bight

123
Q

What knot acts like a pulley for tying down a load?

A

Tuckers knot

124
Q

What knot, hitch, or bend would you use to join a large diameter rope to a small diameter rope?

A

Sheet bend

125
Q

What knot hitch or bend would you use to join two ropes of the same diameter?

A

Reef knot

126
Q

How is wire rope classified (4)

A
  • # of wires per strand
  • # of strands
  • type of core
  • the lay
127
Q

Why does wire rope need to be lubricated?

A

The rope will deteriorate rapidly without it

128
Q

What is the two groups of fibre rope?

A

Synthetic
natural

129
Q

Why are synthetic fibre ropes preferred over natural fibre ropes in most industries today?

A

Strength
Shock load capacity
Resistance to weathering

130
Q

Why is the use of braided rope increasing

A

Stretch resistance
Normally stronger

131
Q

Why must special care be used when hoisting with chain?

A

Can break without warning

132
Q

How much wear is tolerated on a chain used for hoisting that is under 1” diameter.

A

5% wear

133
Q

How much wear is tolerated on a chain used for hoisting that is over 1” diameter.

A

10% wear

134
Q

What type of wire rope socket does NOT give 100% efficiency?

A

Wedge sockets (70%)

135
Q

What is used in poured sockets?

A

Zinc (or spelter)
Sometimes epoxy

136
Q

If a thimble is not used on a spliced eye how much is the efficiency of the connection reduced?

A

10%

137
Q

Improper application of even one cable clip reduces the efficiency of the rope by how much?

A

40%

138
Q

How do you find the number of cable clips required?

A

Diameter of rope x 3 + 1
(Dx3+1 = # of clips)

139
Q

How do you find the spacing of cable clips?

A

Diameter of rope x 6
(Dx6 = spacing of clips)

140
Q

How is a shackle size determined?

A

The diameter of the bow section of the shackle

141
Q

When using a screw pin shackle before hoisting what should you do?

A

Mouse it. (Lock wire)

142
Q

Instead of wrapping the ends of synthetic rope with twine whipping what may you use?

A

Heat to melt the fibres

143
Q

Which of the knots forms a non slip loop?

A

Bowline

144
Q

When making an eye in wire rope with U bolt clips where must the saddle be located?

A

Live end of the rope

145
Q

What type of knot or bend is used for tying two ropes of different diameters?

A

Sheet bend

146
Q

What would you do if one outrigger of a crane started to sink?

A

Set down more blocking area and re level

147
Q

Limit of approach is what?

A

How close a crane can come to hazardous objects

148
Q

What is required for a load to be most stable?

A

Centre of gravity below the hook and sling attachment

149
Q

What must be fastened by the manufacturer in clear view in the cab of a crane?

A

Load capacity chart

150
Q

Before using a chain sling what should you do?

A

Do a link by link inspection of the chain

151
Q

What is the maximum line pull for a snatch block rated for 5 tons max?

A

2.5 tons

152
Q

If a 2 ton load is lifted with a two legged bridle hitch at 30% horizontal angle what swl do your slings need to be?

A

2 tons each

Millwright Block 1 Harmonized (NS) (9 decks)

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