Metallurgy Flashcards
Name the nonferrous metals (7)
- Copper
- Brass
- Zinc
- Bronze
- Aluminum
- Lead
- Other
Name the ferrous metals (3)
- Cast iron
- wrought iron
- Steel
Metals are divided into 2 major groups, what are they?
Ferrous and nonferrous
What do ferrous metals contain?
Iron and it’s alloys such as steel
Nonferrous metals contain little to no ________
Iron
Describe tensile strength
The ability to resist being pulled apart
Describe ductility
The ability of a metal to be stretched without breaking
Describe hardness
The metals ability to resist penetration
Describe brittleness
Will fracture easily if bent or sharply struck
Describe compression strength
A measure of how much squeezing force it can withstand before it fails
Describe yield strength
The force in psi or kgSmm at which a weld starts to pull apart.
Describe malleability
How easily a metal can be hammered into shape
T or F
Low carbon steel is malleable
True
True or false
Cast iron is malleable
False cast iron is not malleable
What is an alloy metal?
The intimate mixture of two or more metals
What is steel an alloy from?
Iron and controlled amounts of carbon
What is chromium’s benefits? (2)
Increases resistance to corrosion
Improves responsiveness to heat treatment
What are the benefits to Manganese?
Improves strength
Improves response to heat treatment
What are the benefits to nickel
Increases strength
Increases toughness
Increases impact resistance
Benefits of tungsten
Produces dense, fine grain
Helps steel retain its hardness
Helps steel retain strength under high heat
What is the melting point of mild steel
1483C / 2700F
What is the melting point of cast iron?
1261C / 2300F
What is the melting point of stainless steel?
1317C / 2400F
What is the melting point of copper?
1094 C / 2000 F
What is the melting point of aluminum?
650 C / 1200 F
What is the melting point of tin?
205 C / 400 F
What is the temperatures for soft solder (approximate)
350-700 F / 200-371 C
What is the temperatures for silver solder (approximate)
1100-1300 F / 594-700 C
What is the temperatures for bronze welding (approximate)
1600-1800 F / 872-983 C
What is the welding temperature range (approximate)
2000-2800 F / 1094-1540 C
What are the common tests to determine the nature of metal? (What metal is) (8)
- Spark test
- File test
- Fracture test
- Color test
- Density or specific gravity test
- Ring or sound test
- Magnetic test
- Chip test
What material breaks off in small particles when chipped?
Cast iron
What material curls and clings when chipped?
Mild steel
What metals can’t be tested with the chip test?
Metals with higher carbon, heat treated due to their hardness
What are the 3 reasons to annealing?
So the metal may be worked cool
To make steel machinable
To relieve internal stresses
What melts at a higher temperature mild steel or cast iron?
Mild steel
What is the difference between iron and a steel?
Iron is refined iron ore, steel is refined iron plus an alloy of carbon and other substances
Annealing is the ________ of metals by heat treatment
Softening
What is malleable iron?
Cast iron that has been heat treated to make it more ductile, and more resistant to shock.
What happens when malleable cast iron is welded?
Loses it malleability
This is why it should only ever be brazed or braze welded
What would the prevent of carbon be in a AISI-SAE 1035 steel?
35%
What does the L after stainless steel mean?
Extra Low in carbon
List 3 white metals
Zinc die cast
Magnesium
Aluminum
What is another name for “pot metal”
Zinc diecast
What test would you use to determine if a metal is cast iron or steel?
Chip test
What type of steel is covered with a hard black scale?
Hot rolled steel
What are non ferrous metals?
Metals that are non magnetic
What quality do we look for when we make items out of zinc?
Manufacturing ease
What colour should you heat steel for the hardening process?
Cherry red
Which test would you use to determine if a metal is high carbon or low carbon steel?
Spark test
Which type of steel is closest in size to its nominal
Cold rolled
What is the base metal in bronze?
Copper
What quality do we look for when we make items out of magnesium?
Lightness
Which test would you use to determine if a metal is polished steel or stainless steel?
Magnet test
What is the process used to harden the outside surface of low carbon steel called?
Case hardening
What is the process used to take hardened high carbon steel to a tougher hardness called?
Tempering
Hardened steel is created from the transformation to what form?
Martensite
What are the 3 main types of stainless steel?
Austenitic
Martenstic
Ferritic
What does the Rockwell hardness tester measure to establish hardness?
Depth of penetration
What process heats steel slightly above the upper critical temperature and then slowly cools to relieve stresses?
Normalizing
What’s the depth of typical case hardening?
1/64
Which heat treatment is used to soften a medium carbon steel in preparation for machining?
Annealing
What is the ability of a metal to be stretched to a greater length without ripping apart called?
Ductility
What metal is typically found in bronze?
Tin
What is the ability of a metal to deform without rupture while being worked called?
Malleability
What instrument is used to measure the vertical high temperatures involved in metallurgy
Pyrometer
What process would you apply to a freshly welded carbon steel bandsaw blade?
Annealing
What is the main characteristic of stainless steel?
Corrosion resistance
Process used to harden medium carbon sprocket teeth for wear resistance is?
Flame hardening
