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History | Angevins > Richard & The Crusades > Flashcards

Richard & The Crusades Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Richard I inherit upon Henry II death?

A

Kingship of England, Dukedom of Normandy, Courtship of Anjou, Maine & Touraine

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2
Q

When did Richard become King?

A

1189

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3
Q

What factor stimulated Richard’s reliance on military?

A

His upbringing in Poitou: baronial hostility to the Angevins.

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4
Q

When did Richard become Duke of Poitou?

A

1172

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5
Q

What caused Richard to have little trust in his family?

A

He had began fighting them at a young age; The Great Rebellion & Henry had a desire to disinherit him in John’s favour.

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6
Q

What event indicates that Richard was most comfortable in battle?

A

His choice to lead the third crusade.

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7
Q

What does Richard’s involvement in the Crusades suggest about his attitude to the church?

A

he has a respect for the importance of the church

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8
Q

What occurred at the Council of Pipewell, 1189?

A

Richard ensured his half brother Geoffrey became Archbishop of York.

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9
Q

Which Bishop did Richard have the utmost trust in?

A

Bishop Hubert Walter

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10
Q

When was Hubert Walter made Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

1193

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11
Q

When did Hubert Walter serve as Chief Justiciar?

A

December 1193-July 1198

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12
Q

When was the Kingdom of Jerusalem conquered by Saladin?

A

4th July 1187

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13
Q

When did Richard become one of the first princes to ‘take the cross?’

A

Nov, 1187

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14
Q

When did Philip II join Richard and take the cross?

A

Jan 1189

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15
Q

What distracted both Philip II and Richard during their first Crusades?

A

The feud with Henry II.

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16
Q

When did Richard and Philip both set off on Crusade?

A

July 1190

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17
Q

What did Philip do when he returned early from the Crusade?

A

He began to threaten Richard’s lands.

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18
Q

What was the Treaty of Jaffa?

A

a treaty made with Saladin allowing Richard to return home.

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19
Q

When was the Treaty of Jaffa secured?

A

1192.

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20
Q

What was Richard’s first action as king regarding his mother?

A

She was released and her lands restored.

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21
Q

What was Richard’s first act as king regarding John?

A

John was rewarded with complete control of several counties & was married to Isabelle of Gloucester.

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22
Q

When was John married to Isabelle of Gloucester?

A

1189

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23
Q

When were John and Geoffrey banned from England?

A

When Richard left for crusades, for as long as he was away.

24
Q

Why did Richard lift the ban on Geoffrey and John from England?

A

Eleanor managed to persuade him.

25
Q

Who did Richard leave as Justiciars in England 1190?

A

William Longchamp and Hugh de Puiset

26
Q

Who did Richard highlight in 1190 to have authority over England?

A

William Longchamp

27
Q

Who made up the newly established council of Justiciars?

A

William Marshal, William Brewer, Geoffrey Fitzpeter & Hugh Bardulf.

28
Q

What action did Richard take regarding the sheriffs before he left for crusade?

A

He replaced the old Sheriffs with new ones.

29
Q

How much did Richard gain from cancelling the Treaty of Falaise?

A

10,000 marks.

30
Q

Why was cancelling the Treaty of Falaise a risk?

A

It posed a threat to security.

31
Q

What caused William Longchamp to be inefficient?

A

he was unpopular

32
Q

How was justice kept throughout the land during Richard’s absence?

A

Via the travelling judicial eyre rather than the justiciar.

33
Q

When did John challenge Longchamp’s authority?

A

Summer 1191

34
Q

Which castles were seized by John during his threat to Longchamp’s authority?

A

Tickhill & Nottingham Castles.

35
Q

Who did Richard sent to settle the discord between Longchamp and John?

A

Walter of Coutances

36
Q

When did Longchamp order the seizure of Geoffrey, Archbishop of York?

A

1191

37
Q

Why did the seizure of Geoffrey spark anxiety?

A

It evoked memories of Thomas Becket.

38
Q

What did Richard and Walter of Coutances agree after Longchamp’s dealings with John?

A

That Longchamp should be removed from office.

39
Q

When did John flee England to make alliance with Philip?

A

Jan 1193

40
Q

How did John manage to persuade the regency council to swear allegiance with him?

A

due to the likelihood of him becoming Richard’s heir.

41
Q

How much was Richard’s ransom?

A

150,000 marks.

42
Q

When did news reach England of Richard’s capture?

A

1193

43
Q

When did Richard nominate Hubert Walter as Chief Justiciar?

A

Dec. 1193 in a letter to Eleanor.

44
Q

When was Richard released from Captivity?

A

Feb 1194

45
Q

What happened at the end of March 1194?

A

Richard called a council at Nottingham to restore order.

46
Q

After his release, what was Richard’s principle task in England?

A

To raise funds for his war with Philip.

47
Q

How did Hubert Walter raise the funds for Richard’s war with Philip?

A

feudal relief, wardships, marriages of baronial widows & administrative reforms were put in place to monitor the wealth of jews.

48
Q

What action did Hubert Walter take against the Sheriffs?

A

He forbid them from acting as Justices in their own shires.

He also set up independent offices to check up on the sheriffs.

49
Q

What year was Hubert Walter taking action upon the Sheriffs?

A

1194.

50
Q

How did Hubert Walter’s dealings with the sheriffs aid Richard’s war?

A

it ensured that money reached the exchequer.

51
Q

What year was the Edictum Regium?

A

1195

52
Q

What was the Edictum Regium

A

all men swore an oath to keep the peace.

53
Q

Who were the Justices of Peace regarding the edictum regium?

A

The knights who recieved the oath of peace.

54
Q

Who led the 1196 revolt against Hubert Walter?

A

William Fitzosbert.

55
Q

Why was there a revolt against Hubert Walter in 1196?

A

He was successful but unpopular.

56
Q

When did Hubert Walter retire from office due to opposition?

A

1196.

57
Q

Who succeeded Hubert Walter as Chief Justiciar?

A

Geoffrey Fitzpeter.

History | Angevins (13 decks)

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