Richard & The Crusades

Question 1

What did Richard I inherit upon Henry II death?

Answer 1

Kingship of England, Dukedom of Normandy, Courtship of Anjou, Maine & Touraine

Question 2

When did Richard become King?

Answer 2

1189

Question 3

What factor stimulated Richard’s reliance on military?

Answer 3

His upbringing in Poitou: baronial hostility to the Angevins.

Question 4

When did Richard become Duke of Poitou?

Answer 4

1172

Question 5

What caused Richard to have little trust in his family?

Answer 5

He had began fighting them at a young age; The Great Rebellion & Henry had a desire to disinherit him in John’s favour.

Question 6

What event indicates that Richard was most comfortable in battle?

Answer 6

His choice to lead the third crusade.

Question 7

What does Richard’s involvement in the Crusades suggest about his attitude to the church?

Answer 7

he has a respect for the importance of the church

Question 8

What occurred at the Council of Pipewell, 1189?

Answer 8

Richard ensured his half brother Geoffrey became Archbishop of York.

Question 9

Which Bishop did Richard have the utmost trust in?

Answer 9

Bishop Hubert Walter

Question 10

When was Hubert Walter made Archbishop of Canterbury?

Answer 10

1193

Question 11

When did Hubert Walter serve as Chief Justiciar?

Answer 11

December 1193-July 1198

Question 12

When was the Kingdom of Jerusalem conquered by Saladin?

Answer 12

4th July 1187

Question 13

When did Richard become one of the first princes to ‘take the cross?’

Answer 13

Nov, 1187

Question 14

When did Philip II join Richard and take the cross?

Answer 14

Jan 1189

Question 15

What distracted both Philip II and Richard during their first Crusades?

Answer 15

The feud with Henry II.

Question 16

When did Richard and Philip both set off on Crusade?

Answer 16

July 1190

Question 17

What did Philip do when he returned early from the Crusade?

Answer 17

He began to threaten Richard’s lands.

Question 18

What was the Treaty of Jaffa?

Answer 18

a treaty made with Saladin allowing Richard to return home.

Question 19

When was the Treaty of Jaffa secured?

Answer 19

1192.

Question 20

What was Richard’s first action as king regarding his mother?

Answer 20

She was released and her lands restored.

Question 21

What was Richard’s first act as king regarding John?

Answer 21

John was rewarded with complete control of several counties & was married to Isabelle of Gloucester.

Question 22

When was John married to Isabelle of Gloucester?

Answer 22

1189

Question 23

When were John and Geoffrey banned from England?

Answer 23

When Richard left for crusades, for as long as he was away.

Question 24

Why did Richard lift the ban on Geoffrey and John from England?

Answer 24

Eleanor managed to persuade him.

Question 25

Who did Richard leave as Justiciars in England 1190?

Answer 25

William Longchamp and Hugh de Puiset

Question 26

Who did Richard highlight in 1190 to have authority over England?

Answer 26

William Longchamp

Question 27

Who made up the newly established council of Justiciars?

Answer 27

William Marshal, William Brewer, Geoffrey Fitzpeter & Hugh Bardulf.

Question 28

What action did Richard take regarding the sheriffs before he left for crusade?

Answer 28

He replaced the old Sheriffs with new ones.

Question 29

How much did Richard gain from cancelling the Treaty of Falaise?

Answer 29

10,000 marks.

Question 30

Why was cancelling the Treaty of Falaise a risk?

Answer 30

It posed a threat to security.

Question 31

What caused William Longchamp to be inefficient?

Answer 31

he was unpopular

Question 32

How was justice kept throughout the land during Richard's absence?

Answer 32

Via the travelling judicial eyre rather than the justiciar.

Question 33

When did John challenge Longchamp's authority?

Answer 33

Summer 1191

Question 34

Which castles were seized by John during his threat to Longchamp's authority?

Answer 34

Tickhill & Nottingham Castles.

Question 35

Who did Richard sent to settle the discord between Longchamp and John?

Answer 35

Walter of Coutances

Question 36

When did Longchamp order the seizure of Geoffrey, Archbishop of York?

Answer 36

1191

Question 37

Why did the seizure of Geoffrey spark anxiety?

Answer 37

It evoked memories of Thomas Becket.

Question 38

What did Richard and Walter of Coutances agree after Longchamp's dealings with John?

Answer 38

That Longchamp should be removed from office.

Question 39

When did John flee England to make alliance with Philip?

Answer 39

Jan 1193

Question 40

How did John manage to persuade the regency council to swear allegiance with him?

Answer 40

due to the likelihood of him becoming Richard's heir.

Question 41

How much was Richard's ransom?

Answer 41

150,000 marks.

Question 42

When did news reach England of Richard's capture?

Answer 42

1193

Question 43

When did Richard nominate Hubert Walter as Chief Justiciar?

Answer 43

Dec. 1193 in a letter to Eleanor.

Question 44

When was Richard released from Captivity?

Answer 44

Feb 1194

Question 45

What happened at the end of March 1194?

Answer 45

Richard called a council at Nottingham to restore order.

Question 46

After his release, what was Richard's principle task in England?

Answer 46

To raise funds for his war with Philip.

Question 47

How did Hubert Walter raise the funds for Richard's war with Philip?

Answer 47

feudal relief, wardships, marriages of baronial widows & administrative reforms were put in place to monitor the wealth of jews.

Question 48

What action did Hubert Walter take against the Sheriffs?

Answer 48

He forbid them from acting as Justices in their own shires. | He also set up independent offices to check up on the sheriffs.

Question 49

What year was Hubert Walter taking action upon the Sheriffs?

Answer 49

1194.

Question 50

How did Hubert Walter's dealings with the sheriffs aid Richard's war?

Answer 50

it ensured that money reached the exchequer.

Question 51

What year was the Edictum Regium?

Answer 51

1195

Question 52

What was the Edictum Regium

Answer 52

all men swore an oath to keep the peace.

Question 53

Who were the Justices of Peace regarding the edictum regium?

Answer 53

The knights who recieved the oath of peace.

Question 54

Who led the 1196 revolt against Hubert Walter?

Answer 54

William Fitzosbert.

Question 55

Why was there a revolt against Hubert Walter in 1196?

Answer 55

He was successful but unpopular.

Question 56

When did Hubert Walter retire from office due to opposition?

Answer 56

1196.

Question 57

Who succeeded Hubert Walter as Chief Justiciar?

Answer 57

Geoffrey Fitzpeter.