Rice, Potato And What Case Studies

Question 1

How has flood tolerant rice been bread?

Answer 1

Naturally, without requiring the inputs of selective plant breeding

Question 2

When was the f risk fought tolerant rice species grown?

Answer 2

2010

Question 3

What is th adaptation of drought resistant rice?

Answer 3

Greater root growth for deeper water access

Question 4

What does the short seasonal growth of drought resistant rice allow for?

Answer 4

Double cropping

Question 5

Ar what temperatures does Uk wheat flower?

Answer 5

> 27 degrees Celsius

Question 6

What is the impact of global warming on UK wheat flowering?

Answer 6

Lack of low temperatures is causing inappropriate seeding, with cultivars opening too early for effective grain set

Question 7

How are uk wheat plats being bred to be more heat tolerant?

Answer 7

By crossing them with the species AEGILOPS. This allows photosynthesis to contain/ be more tolerant at high temperatures

Question 8

Explain blight resistant selectively bred crops?

Answer 8

They exist, but are not wildly accepted by the general public. For example, Maris pipers are the most sensitive potato but are not widely accepted.

Question 9

What have wheat plants been selectively bred to do, and what still needs to be done?

Answer 9

Varieties have been bred to be more heat tolerating for flowering timing, but stil need work on improving photosynthesis tolerance

Question 10

What two promoter genes have been shown to be effective in increasing the drought tolerance of rice?

Answer 10

1. The constitutive maize promoter (Ubi)

2. The Arabidopsis adjustment gene (AtGolS2)

Question 11

What is the current status of drought resistant rice?

Answer 11

Although many opportunities exist, few have been released yet

Question 12

What is the current status of GM wheat?

Answer 12

No present releases

Question 13

Which promotors have been successful in reducing the impacts of high temperature photosynthesis in high temperature wheat cultivars (genetic engineering)

Answer 13

The PC27/PC51 genes when mixed with a constituent

Question 14

Which potato has shown to be successful against potato blight (GM engineering)

Answer 14

Fortuna

Question 15

Is there heat and drought tolerant wheat?

Answer 15

Currently only drought tolerant wheat available

Question 16

How much does potato blight cost the world globally and the uk annually?

Answer 16

£3,5 billion globally, £60 million in the uK

Question 17

What type of GM wheat crop has bee approved ?

Answer 17

SECOND GENERATION

Question 18

What agronomy approach has been successful in increasing the drought resistance of rice varieties?

Answer 18

Alternate wetting and drying events

Question 19

What are the emission positives and negatives of alternate wetting and drying techniques?

Answer 19

Decreases methane emissions but increases N2o emissions

Question 20

What agronomical technique has been proven to reduce the effects oh heat on wheat plants

Answer 20

1-MCP (ethylene antagonist) prevents heat induced stress in some wheat cultivars

Question 21

What is the other widely used function of 1-MCP?

Answer 21

Used to delay fruit and flowering ripening

Question 22

What is the plant response to 1MCP spraying dependant on?

Answer 22

The development stage at which the product was sprayed

Question 23

What are the two criteria of the blight watch?

Answer 23

Smith period: 2 consecutive days of Tminus 10 degrees and 10-11 hours relative humidity >60%
Hutton criteria: 2 consecutive days of Tminus 10 degrees and 6 hours of relative humidity >60%

Question 24

The smith period?

Answer 24

A period of potato blight spawning . Occurs when there is 2 consecutive days of T minus 10 degrees and 10-11 hours of relative humidity >60%

Question 25

What is the Hutton criteria?

Answer 25

A period that indicated the onset of potato blight spawning

2 days of T minus 10 degrees, and 6 hours of relative humidity > 60%

Question 26

What are the current agronomical practices aimed at reducing the impacts of potato blight?

Answer 26

• spraying of chemicals/ prestige’s on crop leaves
• following Hutton criteria and smiths period to predict time periods of spawning
• use multiple fungicide types to avoid fungicide resistance from differing blight strains