Rice, Potato And What Case Studies Flashcards
How has flood tolerant rice been bread?
Naturally, without requiring the inputs of selective plant breeding
When was the f risk fought tolerant rice species grown?
2010
What is th adaptation of drought resistant rice?
Greater root growth for deeper water access
What does the short seasonal growth of drought resistant rice allow for?
Double cropping
Ar what temperatures does Uk wheat flower?
> 27 degrees Celsius
What is the impact of global warming on UK wheat flowering?
Lack of low temperatures is causing inappropriate seeding, with cultivars opening too early for effective grain set
How are uk wheat plats being bred to be more heat tolerant?
By crossing them with the species AEGILOPS. This allows photosynthesis to contain/ be more tolerant at high temperatures
Explain blight resistant selectively bred crops?
They exist, but are not wildly accepted by the general public. For example, Maris pipers are the most sensitive potato but are not widely accepted.
What have wheat plants been selectively bred to do, and what still needs to be done?
Varieties have been bred to be more heat tolerating for flowering timing, but stil need work on improving photosynthesis tolerance
What two promoter genes have been shown to be effective in increasing the drought tolerance of rice?
- The constitutive maize promoter (Ubi)
2. The Arabidopsis adjustment gene (AtGolS2)
What is the current status of drought resistant rice?
Although many opportunities exist, few have been released yet
What is the current status of GM wheat?
No present releases
Which promotors have been successful in reducing the impacts of high temperature photosynthesis in high temperature wheat cultivars (genetic engineering)
The PC27/PC51 genes when mixed with a constituent
Which potato has shown to be successful against potato blight (GM engineering)
Fortuna
Is there heat and drought tolerant wheat?
Currently only drought tolerant wheat available
How much does potato blight cost the world globally and the uk annually?
£3,5 billion globally, £60 million in the uK
What type of GM wheat crop has bee approved ?
SECOND GENERATION
What agronomy approach has been successful in increasing the drought resistance of rice varieties?
Alternate wetting and drying events
What are the emission positives and negatives of alternate wetting and drying techniques?
Decreases methane emissions but increases N2o emissions
What agronomical technique has been proven to reduce the effects oh heat on wheat plants
1-MCP (ethylene antagonist) prevents heat induced stress in some wheat cultivars
What is the other widely used function of 1-MCP?
Used to delay fruit and flowering ripening
What is the plant response to 1MCP spraying dependant on?
The development stage at which the product was sprayed
What are the two criteria of the blight watch?
Smith period: 2 consecutive days of Tminus 10 degrees and 10-11 hours relative humidity >60%
Hutton criteria: 2 consecutive days of Tminus 10 degrees and 6 hours of relative humidity >60%
The smith period?
A period of potato blight spawning . Occurs when there is 2 consecutive days of T minus 10 degrees and 10-11 hours of relative humidity >60%
What is the Hutton criteria?
A period that indicated the onset of potato blight spawning
2 days of T minus 10 degrees, and 6 hours of relative humidity > 60%
What are the current agronomical practices aimed at reducing the impacts of potato blight?
- spraying of chemicals/ prestige’s on crop leaves
- following Hutton criteria and smiths period to predict time periods of spawning
- use multiple fungicide types to avoid fungicide resistance from differing blight strains
