Lecture 12- Summary Lecture

Question 1

what percentage of available habitual land is used for agriculture, and which percentage of this is used for dairy and meat production?

Answer 1

50% of habitual land is used for agriculture, and 77% of this is used for meat and dairy

Question 2

What diet causes a reduced food conversion efficiency?

Answer 2

Meat diets

Question 3

What are the three drivers of global change?

Answer 3

1. Overpopulation
2. Pollution
   Anthropogenic climate change

Question 4

Break down total available calories into those used to fuel people, animals and biofuels

Answer 4

People: 55%
Animals: 36%
Biofuel: 9%

Question 5

What has the worldwide insect decline largely resulted from?

Answer 5

Global increase use of pesticides in agriculture

Question 6

What did the Kigali amendment of the Montreal protocol aim to do?

Answer 6

Gradually phase out the use of hydro fluorocarbons by 2028

Question 7

What is coniferous forest die back a result of?

Answer 7

Increases in acidic rain (from industrial and domestic pollutants)

Question 8

Explain the impacts of rising carbon dioxide on monarch butterflies, wit reference to milkweed

Answer 8

Monarch butterflies require the milkweed steroid of CARDENOLIDE (via ingestion) for exogenous insect immunity. As carbon dioxide is rising, the president fo these steroids in leaves is decreasing the availability for the monarch butterflies, causing them to produce an endogenous response, which is energetically costly

Question 9

What is the name of the steroid in milkweed relied on by monarch butterflies, and why?

Answer 9

CARDENOLIDE, and this is used to produce an exogenous response