Rice Flashcards
Rice Latin name
Oryza sativa L.
World production
755 million tonnes. China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Philippines, Brazil, Japan, USA.
Kernel Characteristics
Covered caryopsis - rice is harvested with hull attached. Barley and rice are the only cereals which retain their hulls.
Rice and Oat hull
Rice and oat’s hull is loosely attached to the pericarp so easy to remove. Barley’s hull tightly cements to the pericarp thus hard to remove.
What is “Brown Rice”
Brown rice is simply dehulled rice.
Brown Rice chemical constituents
80% starch
11% protein
3% fat
What is “Paddy Rice” or “Rough Rice”
Paddy/Rough rice is rice with the hull still intact. About 20% of the grain is hull.
What is White Rice
rice after it has been milled. to obtain white rice from brown rice, the bran is polished off.
Does the hull have value for animal feed?
No – hull is high in lignin and silica – low animal feed value.
How are market classes differentiated
delineated according to grain length.
differences in grain length are associated with different in the composition and physiochemical characteristics of the starchy endosperm.
Market Classes of Rice (2)
Tropical Long Grain (oryza sativa indica). larger market.
Temperate Short Grain (Oryza sativa japonica)
Medium grain varieties are inter-race crosses.
Rice Processing
Rice milling separates the hull from the caryopsis (dehulls), removed the bran and germ (fines), and recovers starchy endosperm intact (white rice)
Rice Milling
- Dehulling – rubber rollers. easy since lemma and palea (plumes) not tightly adherent to pericarp
- Abrasive Milling – cone mill with abrasive surface grinds bran and germ off to yield milled rice. Fines removed by aspiration.
- Polishing - rubs/grinds way inner bran resulting in shiny white rice. Fines removed by aspiration.
How are Rice Grits utilized
Broken rice pieces – Brewing, pet food, cereal
How is Rice flour used
gluten free baked goods,
