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EKG > Rhythm > Flashcards

Rhythm Flashcards

1
Q

All automaticity foci pace with

A

A regular rhythm

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2
Q

Sinus arrhythmia represents normal, minimal variations in the SA nodes pacing rate in association with the phases of

A

Respiration

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3
Q

The atrial conduction system consists of 4 tracts

A

3 internodal right atrial tracts (anterior, middle, posterior) and one tract known as bachmanns bundle that innervates the left atrium

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4
Q

The slowed conduction through the AV node produces a

A

Pause on the EKG between the P wave and the QRS

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5
Q

The final phase of purkinje repolarization may record a small hump following the T wave on the EKG known as

A

A U wave

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6
Q

Irregular atrial rhythms are usually cause by

A

Multiple active atrial automaticity sites

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7
Q

Wandering pacemaker is from pacemaker activity wandering from the SA node to nearby atrial automaticity foci and causes

A

Irregular rhythm, p wave shape variations, atrial rate less than 100

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8
Q

Multifocal atrial tachycardia is a rhythm of patients with COPD and causes

A

Irregular rhythm, p wave shape variations, HR exceeds 100 bpm

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9
Q

Atrial fibrillation is caused by rapid firing of multiple atrial foci, and only an occasional random foci Rachel the AV node to be conducted to the ventricles is causes

A

Irregular rhythm, continuous chaotic atrial spikes, irregular ventricular rhythm

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10
Q

An automaticity focus that escapes overdrive suppression to pace at its inherent rate

A

Escape rhythm

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11
Q

An automaticity focus transiently escape overdrive suppression to emit one beat

A

Escape beat

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12
Q

When in sinus arrest an atrial focus quickly escapes overdrive suppression to become the dominant pacemaker at its inherent rate

A

Atrial escape rhythm

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13
Q

With absent regular pacing stimuli from above, an automaticity focus in the AV junction may escape overdrive suppression to become an active pacemaker

A

Junctions escape rhythm

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14
Q

A junctional automaticity focus may cause retrograde atrial depolarization causing

A

Retrograde p wave immediately before QRS, retrograde p wave after each QRS, retrograde p wave buried within each QRS

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15
Q

A ventricular automaticity focus is not regularly stimulated by paced depolarization from above causing

A

Ventricular escape rhythm

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16
Q

Pacing from a ventricular focus is often so slow that blood flow to the brain is significantly reduced causing unconsciousness. This is called

A

Stokes- Adams syndrome

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17
Q

One missed pacing cycle is known as a

A

Transient sinus block

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18
Q

A sinus block with an atrial automaticity focus is known as an

A

Atrial escape beat

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19
Q

A sinus block with a junctional automaticity focus is known as

A

A junctional escape beat

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20
Q

A sinus block with a ventricular automaticity focus is known as a

A

Ventricular escape beat

21
Q

An irritable focus spontaneously fires a single stimulus known as

A

A premature beat

22
Q

Ventricular automaticity are the worlds most sensitive sensors of…

A

Low O2

23
Q

Atrial and junctional foci become irritable because …

A

Epinephrine released by adrenal glands,
increased sympathetic stimulation, presence of caffeine, amphetamines, cocaine
Excess digitalis, some toxins occasionally etoh
Hyperthyroid
Stretch

24
Q

An irritable atrial automaticity focus, producing a p wave earlier than expected

A

Premature atrial beat

25
Q

If a premature atrial beat reaches the SA node it is depolarized as well the SA node will then…

A

Reset itself to a new rhythm with the PAB being the first beat of the new rhythm

26
Q

An aberrant ventricular contraction is created sometimes with a PAB because ..

A

One of the ventricles is not completely repolarized and therefore temporarily unable to be depolarized causing a widened QRS

27
Q

When the AV node is completely unreceptive to premature atrial depolarization causes

A

A nonconducted premature atrial beat

28
Q

A premature atrial beat after every normal beat

A

Atrial bigeminy

29
Q

A premature atrial beat after two normal cycles is

A

Atrial trigeminy

30
Q

When an irritable automaticity focus in the AV junction suddenly fires a premature stimulus that depolarized the ventricles

A

Premature junctional beat

31
Q

A ventricular focus can be made irritable by

A

Low O2
Low K
Pathology- mitral valve prolapse, stretch, myocarditis

32
Q

An irritable ventricular automaticity focus that produces giant complexes on EKG

A

Premature ventricular contraction

33
Q

The most likely reason for a ventricular automaticity focus to become irritable is

A

Under-oxygenation

34
Q

How many PVCs per minute is considered pathological?

A

6

35
Q

A ventricular automaticity focus that suffers from entrance block (is not irritable) so it paces at its inherent rate

A

Ventricular parasystole

36
Q

A run of 3 or more PVCs in rapid succession is really a run of

A

Ventricular tachycardia

37
Q

Each irritable focus produces its own

A

Distinctive looking PVC

38
Q

What causes PVCs, including runs of VT and multifocal PVCs but is considered a benign condition

A

Mitral valve prolapse

39
Q

Paroxysmal means

A

Sudden

40
Q

Rapid rate with more than one p wave for every QRS

A

Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with AV block

41
Q

A continuous reentry circuit develops which includes the AV node and lower atria and rapidly paces the atria and ventricles

A

AV nodal reentry tachycardia

42
Q

Paroxysmal Supra ventricular tachycardia

A

A very irritable automaticity focus that originates above the ventricles

43
Q

A very irritable ventricular focus that suddenly paces in 150-250 bpm with a characteristic pattern of enormous, consecutive PVC like complexes

A

Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia

44
Q

The QRS in SVT even if widened by aberrant ventricular conduction is usually

A

0.14 sec or less

45
Q

Ventricular complexes in VT are very wide

A

Greater than .14 sec

46
Q

A single ventricular automaticity focus firing to produce smooth sine-waves or similar amplitude

A

Ventricular flutter

47
Q

Multiple focus discharging rapidly

A

Fibrillation

48
Q

An abnormal, accessory AV conduction which can short circuit the usual delay of ventricular conduction in the AV node

A

Bundle of Kent

49
Q

The AV node is bypassed by an extension of the anterior internodal tract by passing the conduction delay by the James bundle in this syndrome

A

Lown-ganong- Levine syndrome

EKG (10 decks)

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