Rhoton's II Flashcards

Orbital apex

Ostium of Meckel’s cave

Otic ganglion

Petrous portion of caroitd

Posterolateral middle fossa triangle (Glassock’s)

Posteromedial middle fossa triangle (Kawase’s)

Pterygopalatine fossa

Sphenoid sinus

SOF

Supratrochlear triangle

Vidian nerve

Abducens

Anterior clinoid process

Anterior intercavernous sinus

Basilar sinus

Carotid collar

Cavernous segment of the ICA

Cavernous sinus

Dorello’s canal

Dorsum sella
(back of saddle)

Inferior petrosal sinus

Inferomedial paraclival triangle

Maxillary nerve

Oculomotor nerve

Ophthalmic nerve

Optic nerve

Ostium of Meckel’s cave

Petrosphenoidal ligament

Petrous apex

Posterior clinoid process

SOF

Supraclinoid portion of ICA

Trigeminal nerve

Trochlear nerve

Abducens

Cavernous segment of ICA

Clinoidal segment of ICA

Clinoidal triangle

Distal dural ring

Dorsum sella

Foramen ovale

Foramen rotundum

Foramen spinosum

Middle meningeal artery

Oculomotor nerve

Oculomotor triangle

Ophthalmic artery

Ophthalmic segment of carotid

Petrous segment of carotid

Planum sphenoidale

Proximal dural ring

Sphenoid sinus

Trigeminal motor root

Trochlear nerve

Tuberculum sella

Abducens

Annulus of Zinn

Anterior clinoid process

Cavernous sinus

Ciliary ganglion

Frontal nerve

Inferior division of oculomotor

Inferior rectus

Lateral rectus

LPS

Long ciliary nerves

Nasociliary nerve

Oculomotor nerve

Ophthalmic nerve

Optic nerve

Optic nerve sheath

Optic strut

Orbit

Parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion

Sensory root of ciliary ganglion

Superior division of oculomotor

Superior rectus

Sympathetic root of ciliary ganglion

Trochlear nerve

ACA

Callosomarginal artery

Optic chiasm

Pericallosal artery

Atlas

Cribiform plate

Inferior colliculus

Inferior turbinate

Middle turbinate

Odontoid process

Olfactory mucosa

Superior colliculi

Superior turbinate

Ethmoid sinus

Maxillary sinus

Orbital apex

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid

Pituitary stalk

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Sphenoid sinus

Sphenoid sinus ostium

Vomer

ACA

ICA

Lamina terminalis

MCA

Optic nerve sheath

Orbital apex

Sellar region

Sphenoid sinus

Vomer

Maxillary artery

Nasal cavity

Nasal septum

Pituitary gland

Pterygopalatine fossa

Sphenoid sinus

Sphenopalatine foramen
Sphenopalatine foramen
Connects the nasal cavity with the pterygopalatine fossa
Transmits the sphenopalatine artery (branch of maxillary) and vein
posterior superior lateral nasal nerve and nasopalatine nerves.
Branches of the maxillary artery
DAM I AM Piss Drunk But Stupid Drunk I Prefer, Must Phone Alcoholics Anonymous
D: deep auricular artery
A: anterior tympanic artery
M: middle meningeal artery
I: inferior alveolar artery
A: accessory meningeal artery
M: masseteric artery
P: pterygoid artery
D: deep temporal artery
B: buccinator artery
S: sphenopalatine artery
D: descending palatine artery
I: infraorbital artery
P: posterior superior alveolar artery
M: middle superior alveolar artery
P: pharyngeal artery
A: anterior superior alveolar artery
A: artery of the pterygoid canal (vidian)


Abducens

Eustachian tube

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Hypoglossal nerve

Lower clivus

Maxillary nerve

Middle clivus

Oculomotor nerve

Spinal accessory nerve

Upper clivus

Vagus
Parts of clivus from lateral perspective
Split into thirds
Upper- 6th nerves entry into Dorello’s
Middle- jugular foramen to 6th
Lower- jugular foramen to FM

Parts of clivus (anterior skull base literature)
Middle third- from floor of sella to floor sphenoid sinus
Lower third- floor of sphenoid to FM


Abducens

Basilar sinus

Carotid sympathetic plexus

Cavernous sinus

Maxillary nerve

Oculomotor nerve

Ophthalmic nerve

Pituitary gland

Foramen rotundum

Greater wing of sphenoid

Infratemporal fossa

Lateral pterygoid

Lateral pterygoid plate

Lesser wing of sphenoid

Mandibular nerve

Maxillary artery

Medial pterygoid (jaw closure and protrusion)

Nasal cavity

Optic nerve

Pterygoid process

Pterygopalatine fossa

Sphenoid sinus

SOF

Temporal fossa

Vidian canal

Abducens nerve

Arcuate eminence

Cochlea

EAC

Foramen ovale

Foramen rotundum

Foramen spinosum

Greater superficial petrosal nerve

Mandibular nerve

Mastoid antrum

Maxillary nerve

Meatal depression

Middle fossa

MMA

Oculomotor nerve

Ophthalmic nerve

Petrous segment of ICA

Superior cerebellar artery

Superior petrosal sinus

Tegmen

Trigeminal depression

Trigeminal prominence

Trochlear nerve

Tympanic cavity

Cochlea

Facial nerve

Geniculate ganglion

Greater petrosal nerve

IAC

ICA

Labyrinthine segment of facial nerve
Segments of the facial nerve
6 segments
intracranial (cisternal) segment
meatal (canalicular) segment (within the internal auditory canal)
labyrinthine segm§ent (internal auditory canal to geniculate ganglion)
tympanic segment (from geniculate ganglion to pyramidal eminence)
mastoid segment (from pyramidal eminence to stylomastoid foramen)
extratemporal segment (from stylomastoid foramen to post parotid branches)

MMA

Superior semicircular canal

Superior vestibular nerve

Tympanic cavity

Tympanic segment of facial nerve

Aditus
The aditus to mastoid antrum (otomastoid foramen or entrance or aperture to the mastoid antrum) is a large irregular cavity that leads backwards from the epitympanic recess into a considerable air space named the tympanic or mastoid antrum.

AICA

Cisternal segment of facial nerve

Cochlea

Eustachian tube

EAC

Facial nerve

Geniculate ganglion

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Greater petrosal nerve

Incus

IAC

ICA

Labyrinth

Labyrinthine segment of facial nerve

Lateral semicircular canal

Malleus

Mastoid antrum

Mastoid part of temporal bone

Meatal segment of facial nerve

Middle meningeal artery

Nervus intermedius

Petrous apex

Posterior semicircular canal

Stapes

Superior petrosal sinus

Superior semicircular canal

Superior vestibular nerve

Tensor tympani

Transverse crest

Tympanic cavity

Tympanic membrane

Tympanic segment of facial nerve

Vestibule

Arcuate eminence

EAC

Fundus of internal auditory meatus

Greater petrosal nerve

IAC

Meatal depression

Porus of IAC

Posteromedial middle fossa triangle (Kawase’s)

Superior petrosal sinus

Trigeminal prominence

Abducens

AICA

Clivus

Inferior petrosal sinus

Oculomotor nerve

Petrosphenoidal ligament

PComm

Subtemporal anterior transpetrosal approach

SCA

Tentorial edge

Trochlear nerve

Abducens nerve

Basilar artery

Cavernous sinus

Clivus

Oculomotor nerve

Petrosphenoidal ligament

Atlantal condyle

Cranial nerve 7 and 8

Fourth ventricle

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Hypoglossal nerve

Jugular foramen

Jugular tubercle

Lateral recess of fourth ventricle

Occipital condyle

Paracondylar exposure

PICA

Spinal accessory nerve

Trochlear nerve

Vagus nerve

Vertebral artery

Floculus

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Abducens

AICA

Facial nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Hypoglossal nerve

Jugular tubercle

Oculomotor

PICA

Spinal accessory nerve

SCA

Trigeminal nerve

Vagus

Vestibulocochlear nerve

AICA

Labyrinthine artery

Oculomotor nerve

Paramedian branch of basilar

Short circumferential branch

Superior cerebellar artery

AICA

Choroid plexus

Facial nerve

Foramen of Luschka

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Labyrinthine artery

Spinal accessory nerve

Subarcuate artery

Vagus

Vestibular nerve

Flocculus

AICA

Auditory nerve

Facial nerve

Fundus of IAM

Inferior vestibular nerve

IAC

Meatal segment of facial nerve

Nervus intermedius

Superior vestibular nerve

Transverse crest

Vertical crest

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Ampulla of the posterior semicircular canal

Ampulla of the superior semicircular canal

Ampulla of the lateral semicircular canal

Auditory nerve

Cochlea

Common crus

Facial nerve

Fundus of IAM

Inferior vestibular nerve

Oval window

Singular branch of inferior vestibular nerve

Superior vestibular nerve

Vertical crest

Vestibule

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Common crus

Dura mater

Facial nerve

Facial recess

Fossa incudis

Incus

Jugular bulb

Labyrinth

Lateral semicircular canal

Mastoid antrum

Mastoid process

Mastoid segment of facial nerve

Middle fossa

Posterior semicircular canal

Short process of incus

Sigmoid sinus

Sinodural angle

Superior petrosal sinus

Superior semicircular canal

Tympanic segment of facial nerve

Facial nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Vagus nerve

Vestibular nerve

Chorda tympani

Common crus

Endolymphatic sac

Epitympanum

Facial nerve

Facial recess

Fossa incudis

Incus

Jugular bulb

Lateral semicircular canal

Malleus

Mastoid segment of facial nerve

Mesotympanum
Middle ear
Epitympanum
Epitympanum, also known as the attic or epitympanic recess, is the most superior portion of the tympanic cavity. It is that portion of the tympanic cavity superior to the axial plane between the tip of the scutum and the tympanic segment of the facial nerve

Oval window

Posterior semicircular canal

Pyramidal process of tympanic cavity

Round window

Short process of incus

Stapedial muscle

Stapes

Superior semicircular canal

Tympanic segment of facial nerve

Incus

Malleus

Stapedial muscle

Stapes
Stapedius muscle
CNVII
The stapedius dampens the vibrations of the stapes by pulling on the neck of that bone.
As one of the muscles involved in the acoustic reflex it prevents excess movement of the stapes, helping to control the amplitude of sound waves from the general external environment to the inner ear.

Dura mater

Glossopharyngeal

Hypoglossal canal

Hypoglossal nerve

Jugular foramen

Paracondylar exposure

Spinal accessory nerve

Vagus nerve

Glossopharyngeal meatus

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Jugular foramen

Septum of jugular foramen

Spinal accessory nerve

Vagal meatus

Vagus nerve

Auricular branch of vagus (Arnold’s)

Glossopharyngeal

Hypoglossal nerve

Jugular fossa

Spinal accessory nerve

Tympanic nerve (Jacobsen’s)

Vagus

Auricular branch of vagus nerve

Glossopharyngeal

Hypoglossal canal

Hypoglossal nerve

Jugular foramen

Occipital condyle

Spinal accessory

Tympanic nerve

Vagus nerve

Vertebral artery

Carotid sheath

Cervical portion of ICA

Chorda tympani

Epitympanum

Eustachian tube

Facial nerve

Facial recess

Infratemporal fossa

IJV

Jugular bulb

Jugular fossa

Labyrinth

Malleus

Mandibular fossa

Mastoid fossa

Mastoid tip

Mesotympanum

Petrous segment of ICA

Sigmoid sinus

Stylomastoid artery (branch of posterior auricular artery)

Tympanic cavity

Tympanic part of temporal bone

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Hypoglossal nerve

ICA

IJV

Spinal accessory nerve

Vagus nerve

External branch of SLN
Structures supplied by external branch of SLN?
Cricothyroid

Hyoid

Hypoglossal nerve

Internal branch of SLN
Structures supplied by internal branch of SLN
Sensory above the vocal cords

Posterior belly of digastric

Superior thyroid artery

Inion

Posterior cervical triangle
Borders of the posterior cervical triangle
Union of the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles at the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone.
Anteriorly: Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoideus.
Posteriorly: Anterior border of the trapezius.
Inferiorly: Middle one third of the clavicle.

Splenius capitis

SCM

Trapezius

Semispinalis capitus

Splenius capitus
Splenius= bandage
capitus= head

SCM

Trapezius

Inion

Longissimus capitis muscle

Occipital artery

Semispinalis capitus

Splenius capitus

Atlas

Transverse process C1

Spinous process C2

Obliquus capitis inferior

Obliquus capitis superior

Rectus capitis posterior minor

Rectus capitus posterior major

Suboccipital triangle

Suboccipital venous plexus

Clavicle

Infrahyoid compartment

Omohyoid

Posterior cervical triangle

SCM

Trapezius

Frontalis muscle

Parotid

Stylomastoid foramen

Temporal branches of facial nerve

Zygomatic arch