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Neuroanatomy > Rhoton's I > Flashcards

Rhoton's I Flashcards

1
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Atlas

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2
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Axis

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3
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Uncinate process

The uncinate process of the cervical spine is a hook-shaped process found bilaterally on the superolateral margin of the cervical vertebral bodies of C3-C7.

The uncinate processes are more anteriorly positioned in the upper cervical spine and more posteriorly location in the lower cervical spine.

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4
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Odontoid process

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5
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Superior articular facet for joint with occipital condyle

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6
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Facet joint

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7
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Lamina

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8
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Lateral mass

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9
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Spinous process

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10
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Transverse foramen

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11
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V2

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12
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V3

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13
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Facet joint

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14
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Lamina

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15
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Odontoid process

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16
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Transverse process

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17
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Facet joint

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18
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Spinous process

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19
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Pedicle

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20
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Superior articular process

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21
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Lateral mass

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22
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Nerve roots

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23
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Facet joints

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24
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Arcuate eminence

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25
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Carotid groove of sphenoid bone

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26
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Meatal depression

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27
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Petrous temporal bone

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28
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Sigmoid sinus

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29
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Superior petrosal sinus

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30
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Tegmen

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31
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Torcula

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32
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Trigeminal prominence

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33
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Tuberculum sella

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34
Q

Relations of the sphenoid bone

A

Frontal and ethmoid anteriorly

Squamosal temporal bone laterally

Posteriorly the petrous temporal and occipital bone

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35
Q

What bones form the foramen lacerum?

A

Foramen lacerum formed by the junction of the petrous apex, sphenoid bone and occipital bone

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36
Q

What bounds the lateral edge of the carotid groove of the sphenoid bone?

A

The lingula

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37
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Middle clinoid process

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38
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Planum sphenoidale which forms the roof of the sphenoid sinus

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39
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Dorsum sella which forms the upper clivus

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40
Q

What structure runs here?

A

This is the petroclival fissure in which the inferior petrosal sinus runs

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41
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A

Intrajugular portion of the temporal bone

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42
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Anterior clinoid process

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43
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Anterior limbus of chiasmatic sulcus

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44
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Body of the sphenoid bone

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45
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Chiasmatic sulcus

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46
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Dorsum sella

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47
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Greater wing of sphenoid

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48
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Lesser wing of sphenoid

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49
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Posterior clinoid process

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50
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Sella turcica

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51
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Tuberculum sella

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52
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Vidian canal

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53
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Carotid canal

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54
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Infratemporal crest

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55
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Infratemporal fossa

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56
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Mastoid notch

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57
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Maxillary sinus

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58
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Occipital groove

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59
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Pterygoid process

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60
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Petroclival fissure

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61
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Foramen rotundum

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62
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Median pterygoid plate

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63
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Vidian canal

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64
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Carotid canal

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65
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Foramen ovale

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66
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Foramen spinosum

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67
Q

Etymology- sella turcica

A

Turkish saddle

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68
Q
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Pterion

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69
Q
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Sphenosquamosal suture

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70
Q
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Temporal fossa

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71
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Zygoma

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72
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Zygomatic arch

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73
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Anterior clinoid process

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74
Q
A

Anterior ethmoid canal

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75
Q
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Body of sphenoid

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76
Q
A

Ethmoidomaxillary suture

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77
Q
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Frontal process of maxilla

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78
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A

Frontoethmoidal suture

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79
Q
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Greater wing of sphenoid

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80
Q
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Inferior orbital fissure

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81
Q
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Infraorbital canal

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82
Q
A

Infraorbital foramen

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83
Q

Contents of the infraorbital canal

A

Infraorbital nerve (V2)

Infraorbital artery (Maxillary artery)

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84
Q

Contents of the anterior ethmoidal foramen

A

Anterior ethmoidal artery and vein
Anterior ethmoidal nerve, branch of nasociliary (V1)

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85
Q
A

Lacrimal bone

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86
Q
A

Lesser wing of sphenoid

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87
Q
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Maxilla

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88
Q
A

Optic canal

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89
Q

Contents of optic canal

A

Opthalmic artery

Optic nerve

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90
Q

Contents of the inferior orbital fissure

Inferior Orbit Gets Infra-Orbital Nerves And VeinZ

A

IO: inferior ophthalmic vein (a tributary to both pterygoid venous plexus and cavernous sinus)

G: ganglionic branches from the pterygopalatine ganglion to maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

ION: infra-orbital nerve (branch CN V2)

A: infra-orbital artery (branch maxillary artery)

V: infra-orbital vein (drains inferior orbit, communicates with the inferior ophthalmic vein, a tributary to pterygoid venous plexus)

Z: zygomatic nerve (branch CN V2)

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91
Q
A

Optic strut

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92
Q
A

Orbital plate of ethmoid bone

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93
Q
A

Orbital process of palatine bone

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94
Q
A

Posterior ethmoid foramen

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95
Q

Contents of the posterior ethmoid foramen

A

Posterior ethmoidal foramen opens at the back part of this margin under cover of the projecting lamina of the sphenoid, and transmits the posterior ethmoidal vessels and nerve.

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96
Q
A

Sphenoethmoidal suture

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97
Q
A

SOF

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98
Q

Contents of SOF

Long Fissures Seem To Store Only Nerves, Instead Of Arteries, Including Ophthalmic Veins (Superior to Inferior)

A

L: lacrimal nerve (branch of CN V1)

F: frontal nerve (branch of CN V1)

S: superior ophthalmic vein (a tributary to cavernous sinus)

T: trochlear nerve (CN IV)

SO: superior division of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)

N: nasociliary nerve (branch of CN V1)

IO: inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)

A: abducens nerve (CN VI)

IOV: inferior ophthalmic vein (tributary to both cavernous sinus and pterygoid venous plexus)

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99
Q
A

Hiatus of the endolymphatic sac

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100
Q
A

Hook of the sigmoid sinus

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101
Q
A

Inferior petrosal sinus (which runs in the petroclival fissure)

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102
Q
A

Jugular foramen

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103
Q

Contents of the jugular foramen

A

Pars nervosa:
Inferior petrosal sinus
IX + Jacobson’s (tympanic canaliculus)

Pars vasculosa:
IJV
X, XI
Nerve of Arnold (mastoid canaliculus)
Posterior meningeal artery

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104
Q
A

Porus of the IAM

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105
Q
A

Cochlear area of IAM

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106
Q
A

Facial canal

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107
Q
A

Inferior vestibular area

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108
Q
A

Singular foramen

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109
Q
A

Superior vestibular area

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110
Q
A

Transverse (falciform) crest

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111
Q
A

Vertical crest

Bill’s bar

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112
Q

Contents of singular foramen

A

The foramen singulare, also known as the singular foramen, is a small opening at the posteroinferior aspect of the fundus of the internal auditory canal (IAC)

It carries the singular or posterior ampullary nerve, a branch of the inferior vestibular nerve which carries afferent information from the posterior semicircular canal

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113
Q
A

Central sulcus

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114
Q
A

Frontal lobe

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115
Q
A

Inferior frontal gyrus

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116
Q
A

Middle frontal gyrus

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117
Q
A

Occipital lobe

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118
Q
A

Parietal lobe

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119
Q
A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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120
Q
A

Pre-occipital notch

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121
Q
A

Supramarginal gyrus

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122
Q
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Sylvian fissure

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123
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Temporal lobe

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124
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Central lobe

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125
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Central sulcus

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126
Q
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Frontal lobe

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127
Q
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Inferior frontal gyrus

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128
Q
A

Inferior frontal sulcus

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129
Q
A

Middle frontal gyrus

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130
Q
A

Middle temporal gyrus

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131
Q
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Occipital lobe

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132
Q
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Parietal lobe

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133
Q
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Post central gyrus

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134
Q
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Postcentral sulcus

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135
Q
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Precentral gyrus

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136
Q
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Precentral sulcus

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137
Q
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Premotor cortex

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138
Q
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Subcentral gyrus

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139
Q
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Superior frontal gyrus

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140
Q
A

Supramarginal gyrus

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141
Q
A

Vein of Trolard

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142
Q
A

Ambient cistern

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143
Q
A

Anterior medial temporal lobe

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144
Q
A

Calcarine sulcus

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145
Q
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Central lobe

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146
Q
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Cingulate gyrus

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147
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Cingulate sulcus

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148
Q
A

Corpus callosum

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149
Q
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Cuneus

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150
Q
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Fusiform gyrus

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151
Q
A

Lingual gyrus

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152
Q
A

Marginal ramus of the cingulate sulcus

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153
Q
A

Middle media temporal lobe

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154
Q
A

Paracentral lobule

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155
Q
A

Paracentral sulcus

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156
Q
A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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157
Q
A

Precuneus

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158
Q
A

Quadrigeminal cistern

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159
Q
A

Superior parietal lobule

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160
Q
A

Supplementary motor area

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161
Q
A

Uncus

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162
Q
A

Cerebellar tonsils

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163
Q
A

Cerebellar vermis

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164
Q
A

Cerebral aqueduct

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165
Q
A

Floor of the 4th ventricle

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166
Q
A

Inferior medullary velum

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167
Q
A

Superior lateral recess of the fourth

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168
Q
A

Tonsil of cerebellum

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169
Q
A

Uvula of vermis

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170
Q
A

Floculus

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171
Q
A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

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172
Q
A

Inferior medullary velum

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173
Q
A

Tela choroidea

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174
Q
A

Abducens

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175
Q
A

Auditory nerve

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176
Q
A

Cerebral peduncle

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177
Q
A

Choroid plexus

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178
Q
A

Facial nerve

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179
Q
A

Foramen of Luschka

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180
Q
A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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181
Q
A

Rootlets of hypoglossal nerve

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182
Q
A

Lateral margin of the pons

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183
Q
A

Pontomedullary sulcus

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184
Q
A

Spinal portion of accessory

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185
Q
A

Trigeminal

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186
Q
A

Vagus

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187
Q
A

Flocculus

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188
Q
A

Auditory nerve

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189
Q
A

Cerebellopontine angle

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190
Q
A

Facial nerve

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191
Q
A

Foramen of Luschka

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192
Q
A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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193
Q
A

Abducens nerve

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194
Q
A

AICA

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195
Q
A

Auditory nerve

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196
Q
A

Axilla of the trigeminal nerve

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197
Q
A

Oculomotor nerve

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198
Q
A

PICA

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199
Q
A

SCA

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200
Q
A

Ambient cistern

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201
Q
A

Bridging veins

202
Q
A

Pineal gland

203
Q
A

Posterior cerebral artery

204
Q
A

Quadrigeminal cistern

205
Q
A

Tentorium

206
Q
A

Ambient cistern

207
Q
A

Collicular plate

208
Q
A

Internal cerebral veins

209
Q
A

Pineal gland

210
Q
A

Posterior cerebral artery

211
Q
A

Splenium of the corpus callosum

212
Q
A

Straight sinus

213
Q
A

Trochlear nerve

214
Q
A

Vein of Galen

215
Q
A

Inferior colliculi

216
Q
A

Pineal gland

217
Q
A

Superior colliculus

218
Q
A

Basal vein of Rosenthal

219
Q
A

Inferior colliculus

220
Q
A

Internal cerebral vein

221
Q
A

Medial posterior choroidal artery

Branch of P2

222
Q
A

Pineal gland

223
Q
A

Superior colliculus

224
Q
A

Tentorium

225
Q
A

Velum interpositum

226
Q
A

Cerebellar midbrain fissure

227
Q
A

Anterior commissure

228
Q
A

Body of fornix

229
Q
A

Body of the lateral ventricle

230
Q
A

Choroid plexus

231
Q
A

Column of fornix

232
Q
A

ISS

233
Q
A

Internal cerebral vein

234
Q
A

Lamina terminalis

235
Q
A

Mamillary body

236
Q
A

Optic chiasm

237
Q
A

Pineal gland

238
Q
A

Pituitary stalk

239
Q
A

Precentral vein

240
Q
A

Straight sinus

241
Q
A

Vein of Galen

242
Q
A

Velum interpositum

243
Q
A

Area postrema

244
Q
A

Facial colliculi

245
Q
A

Hypoglossal trigone

246
Q
A

Median sulcus

247
Q
A

Vagal triangle

248
Q
A

Lateral ventricles

249
Q
A

Choroid plexus

250
Q
A

Corpus callosum

251
Q
A

Genu of internal capsule

252
Q
A

Thalamostriate vein

Note choroid plexus is medial to thalamostriate

253
Q
A

Thalamus

254
Q
A

Fornix

255
Q
A

Internal cerebral vein

256
Q
A

Septal vein

257
Q
A

Superior choroidal vein

258
Q
A

Velum interpositum

259
Q
A

Thalamostriate vein

260
Q
A

Velum interpositum

261
Q
A

Internal cerebral vein

262
Q
A

Medial posterior choroidal artery

263
Q
A

Tela choroidea

264
Q
A

Velum interpositum

265
Q
A

Ambient cistern

266
Q
A

Anterior commissure

267
Q
A

Choroidal fissure

268
Q
A

Columns of fornix

269
Q
A

Foramen of Monro

270
Q
A

Infundibular recess of the third ventricle

271
Q
A

Lamina terminalis

272
Q
A

Lateral geniculate body

273
Q
A

Massa intermedia

274
Q
A

Oculomotor nerve

275
Q
A

Posterior commissure

276
Q
A

Quadrigeminal cistern

277
Q
A

Velum interpositum

278
Q
A

Atrium of the lateral ventricle

279
Q
A

Calcar avis

The calcar avis, previously known as the hippocampus minor,[1] is an involution of the wall of the lateral ventricle’s posterior cornu produced by the calcarine fissure

280
Q
A

Crural cistern

281
Q
A

Ambient cistern

282
Q
A

Fimbria of fornix

283
Q
A

Lateral posterior choroidal artery

Branch of P2

284
Q
A

Medial posterior choroidal artery

285
Q
A

Optic radiations

286
Q
A

P1

287
Q
A

P2

288
Q
A

PComm

289
Q
A

Pulvinar

290
Q
A

Ambient cistern

291
Q
A

Body of fornix

292
Q
A

Choroidal fissure

293
Q
A

Crus of fornix

294
Q
A

Fimbria of fornix

295
Q
A

Medial posterior choroidal artery

296
Q
A

Pineal gland

297
Q
A

PCA

298
Q
A

Stria medullaris thalami

299
Q
A

Velum interpositum

superiorly: the columns of the fornices and hippocampal commissure (psalterium) reaching as far forward as the foramen of Monro
inferiorly: the internal cerebral veins and tela choroidea of the third ventricle
inferolaterally: the thalamus
posteriorly: the narrow base of the triangle abuts the splenium of the corpus callosum

300
Q
A

Internal cerebral vein

301
Q
A

Septal vein

302
Q
A

Superior choroidal vein

303
Q
A

Thalamostriate vein

304
Q
A

Angular gyrus

305
Q
A

Inferior longitudinal fasciculus

306
Q
A

Middle longitudinal fasciculus

307
Q
A

Superior longitudinal fasciculus II

308
Q
A

Short association fibres

309
Q
A

Arcuate fasciculus

310
Q
A

Broca’s area

311
Q
A

Extreme capsule

312
Q
A

Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus

313
Q

Function IFOF

A

The inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) is a large white matter tract of the human cerebrum with functional connectivity associated with semantic language processing and goal-oriented behavior.

314
Q

Function SLF II

A

SLF II is the major component of SLF and originates in the caudal-inferior parietal cortex and terminates in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann 6, 8 and 46).

SLF II connects to the caudal inferior parietal cortex which controls spatial attention and visual and oculomotor functions. This suggests the SLF II provides the prefrontal cortex with parietal cortex information regarding perception of visual space. Since these bundles are bi-directional, working memory (Brodmann 46) in the prefrontal cortex may provide the parietal cortex with information to focus spatial attention and regulate selection and retrieval of spatial information.

315
Q

Function MLF

A

The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a myelinated composite fibre tract found in the brainstem. The MLF primarily serves to coordinate the conjugate movement of the eyes and associated head and neck movements.

316
Q
A

ILF

317
Q

Function ILF

A

The inferior longitudinal fasciculus carries visual information from occipital areas to the temporal lobe (Catani et al., 2003a) and it is likely to play an important role in visual object recognition, semantic processing and in linking object representations to their lexical labels

318
Q
A

Uncinate fasciculus

319
Q

Function uncinate fasciculus

A

Function. The function of the uncinate fasciculus is not known, though it is traditionally considered to be part of the limbic system.. It has been proposed that the uncinate fasciculus allows mnemonic representations stored in the temporal lobe to interact with and guide decision making in the frontal lobe

320
Q
A

Wernicke’s area

321
Q
A

Claustrum

322
Q
A

IFOF

323
Q
A

Putamen

324
Q
A

Ventral external capsule

325
Q
A

Atrium of the lateral ventricle

326
Q
A

Lateral geniculate body

327
Q
A

Meyer’s loop

328
Q
A

Optic radiations

329
Q
A

Tapetum of the corpus callosum

330
Q
A

Temporal horn of the lateral ventricle

331
Q
A

Lateral geniculate body

332
Q
A

Meyer’s loop

333
Q
A

Cingulum

334
Q
A

Corpus callosum

335
Q

Etymology- carotid

A

from the greek “karotis”

early 17th century: from French carotide or modern Latin carotides, from Greek karōtides, plural of karōtis ‘drowsiness’, from karoun ‘stupefy’ (because compression of these arteries was thought to cause stupor).

336
Q

Etymology- sphenoid

A

mid 18th century: from modern Latin sphenoides, from Greek sphēnoeidēs, from sphēn ‘wedge’.

337
Q

Contents of vidian canal

A

Nerve of pterygoid canal, (Vidian nerve),

the artery of the pterygoid canal (Vidian artery),

and the vein of the pterygoid canal (Vidian vein)

338
Q

Nerve of pterygoid canal

A

Formed by the union of the greater petrosal nerve (CN VII PNS) and the deep petrosal nerve (SNS)

PNS fibres synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion

339
Q

Vidian artery

A

Branch of maxillary (ECA) and petrous part of ICA.

Can serve as an anastomosis between ICA and ECA

340
Q
A

Amygdala

341
Q
A

Anterior commissure

342
Q
A

Cingulum

343
Q
A

Corpus callosum

344
Q
A

Fornix

345
Q
A

Hippocampus

346
Q
A

Internal capsule

347
Q
A

Mamillary body

348
Q
A

Mammillothalamic fasciculus

349
Q
A

Nucleus accumbens

350
Q
A

Velum interpositum

351
Q
A

Caudate nucleus

352
Q
A

Claustrum

353
Q
A

Corona radiata

354
Q
A

External capsule

355
Q
A

Extreme capsule

356
Q
A

Globus pallidus

357
Q
A

Insula

358
Q
A

Internal capsule

359
Q
A

Frontoparietal operculum

360
Q
A

Putamen

361
Q
A

Substantia nigra

362
Q
A

Subthalamic nucleus

363
Q
A

Thalamus

364
Q
A

ACA

365
Q
A

Crista Galli

366
Q
A

Olfactory bulb

367
Q
A

Olfactory groove

368
Q
A

Olfactory tract

369
Q
A

Optic nerve

370
Q
A

Orbital roof

371
Q
A

Planum sphenoidale

372
Q
A

Abducens

373
Q
A

Anterior ethmoidal arteries

374
Q
A

Anterior ethmoidal nerve

375
Q
A

Anterior fossa

376
Q
A

Cavernous sinus

377
Q
A

Clinoidal segment of ICA

378
Q
A

Ethmoid sinus

379
Q
A

Facial nerve

380
Q
A

Frontal nerve

381
Q
A

Frontal sinus

382
Q
A

Geniculate ganglion

383
Q
A

Greater petrosal nerve

384
Q
A

Infratemporal fossa

385
Q
A

Infratrochlear nerve

386
Q
A

Lacrimal gland

387
Q
A

Lacrimal nerve

388
Q
A

Lateral rectus

389
Q
A

Lateral wall of orbit

390
Q
A

Long ciliary nerves

391
Q
A

Mandibular nerve

392
Q
A

Maxillary nerve

393
Q
A

Meatal segment of facial nerve

394
Q
A

Middle fossa

395
Q
A

Nasociliary nerve

396
Q
A

Oculomotor nerve

397
Q
A

Olfactory bulb

398
Q
A

Ophthalmic artery

399
Q
A

Ophthalmic nerve

400
Q
A

Ophthalmic segment of ICA

401
Q
A

Optic canal

402
Q
A

Optic nerve

403
Q
A

Optic nerve sheath

404
Q
A

Orbit

405
Q
A

Orbital apex

406
Q
A

Petrosphenoidal ligament

407
Q
A

Pituitary gland

408
Q
A

Pituitary stalk

409
Q
A

Posterior ethmoidal artery

410
Q
A

Pterygopalatine fossa

411
Q
A

Sphenoid sinus

412
Q
A

Superior hypophyseal artery

413
Q
A

Superior oblique muscle of orbit

414
Q
A

SOF

415
Q
A

Superior vestibular nerve

416
Q
A

Supraorbital nerve

417
Q

How does the supratrochlear nerve leave the orbit?

A

The supratrochlear nerve then exits the orbit between the pulley of the superior oblique and the supraorbital foramen, curves up on to the forehead close to the bone, and ascends beneath the corrugator supercilii and frontalis muscles.

418
Q
A

Supratrochlear nerve

419
Q
A

Temporal fossa

420
Q
A

Trigeminal ganglion

421
Q
A

Motor root of trigeminal nerve

422
Q
A

Trochlear nerve

423
Q
A

A1

424
Q
A

ACA

425
Q
A

ICA

426
Q
A

Lamina terminalis

427
Q
A

MCA

428
Q
A

Cerebral aqueduct

429
Q
A

Third ventricle

430
Q
A

A1 segment of ACA

431
Q
A

A2 segment of ACA

432
Q
A

ACA

433
Q
A

AComm

434
Q
A

ICA

435
Q
A

MCA

436
Q
A

ACA

437
Q
A

Anterior choroidal artery

438
Q
A

Communicating segment of ICA (C7)

439
Q
A

MCA

440
Q
A

Oculomotor nerve

441
Q
A

Ophthalmic segment of ICA

442
Q
A

Optic nerve

443
Q
A

Perforating branches of PComm

444
Q
A

PComm

445
Q
A

SCA

446
Q
A

Supraclinoid ICA (C6)

447
Q
A

Abducens

448
Q
A

Anterior clinoid process

449
Q
A

Greater petrosal nerve

450
Q
A

ICA

451
Q
A

Maxillary nerve

452
Q
A

Meckel’s cave

453
Q
A

Oculomotor nerve

454
Q
A

Optic nerve

455
Q
A

SOF

456
Q
A

Superior petrosal sinus

457
Q
A

Tentorial edge

458
Q
A

Trochlear nerve

459
Q
A

Trigeminal nerve

460
Q
A

Abducens nerve

461
Q
A

Anterolateral triangle

462
Q
A

Anteromedial triangle

463
Q
A

Cavernous sinus

464
Q
A

Clinoidal segment of ICA

465
Q
A

Foramen ovale

466
Q
A

Foramen rotundum

467
Q
A

Inferior division of oculomotor nerve

468
Q
A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal

469
Q
A

Maxillary nerve

470
Q
A

Oculomotor nerve

471
Q
A

Ophthalmic artery

472
Q
A

Ophthalmic nerve

473
Q
A

Optic nerve

474
Q
A

Optic nerve sheath

475
Q
A

Optic strut

476
Q
A

Orbital apex

477
Q
A

Sphenoid sinus

478
Q
A

Superior division of oculomotor

479
Q
A

SOF

480
Q
A

Trochlear nerve

481
Q
A

Vidian nerve

482
Q
A

Anterolateral triangle

483
Q
A

Anteromedial triangle

484
Q
A

Arcuate eminence

485
Q
A

Cavernous sinus

486
Q
A

Clinoidal triangle

487
Q
A

Cochlear

488
Q
A

Foramen spinosum

489
Q
A

Greater petrosal nerve

490
Q
A

Inferior orbital fissure

491
Q
A

Infratemporal fossa

492
Q
A

Infratrochlear triangle (Parkinson’s)

493
Q
A

IAC

494
Q
A

Lateral wall of orbit

495
Q
A

Lesser petrosal nerve

496
Q
A

Mandibular nerve

497
Q
A

Middle meningeal artery

498
Q
A

Oculomotor triangle

499
Q
A

Optic canal

500
Q
A

Orbit

Neuroanatomy (18 decks)

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