Rheumatology Flashcards
Rheumatoid Arthritis (Summary)
PIC ASS
Polyarthritis
Inflammatory
Chronic
Autoimmune
Symmetrical
Systemic
RA Gene Anomaly
HLA-DR4 & HLA-DR1
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation
Calor (Heat)
Dolor (Pain)
Rubor (Redness)
Tumor (Swelling)
Functio Laesa (Loss of Function)
RA Extra-articular Manifestation: EYES
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca/Xeropthalmia (Dry Eyes)
RA Extra-articular Manifestation: NERVES
Mononeuritis Multiplex
RA Extra-articular Manifestation: LUNGS
Interstitial Lung Dse
Pleuritis
Pleural Effusion
Caplan Syndrome
RA Extra-articular Manifestation: HEART
Pericarditis
RA Extra-articular Manifestation: BLOOD
Felty’s Syndrome
Felty’s Syndrome
Splenomegaly
Anemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Arthritis
RA Extra-articular Manifestation: SKIN
Rheumatoid nodules
MC Location of Rheumatoid nodules
Elbow
Joint spared in RA
DIP
RA Articular Manifestation: TMJ
Limited mouth opening
RA Articular Manifestation: C1 -C2
Subluxation
RA Articular Manifestation: Thumb
(Z-Thumb)
Hyperextended IP
Flexed MCP
Subluxed MCP
RA Articular Manifestation: Hand
Swan-Neck
Boutonniere
RA Articular Manifestation: WRIST
(+) Piano Keys Sign
Distal Radioulnar Instability
RA Articular Manifestation: ELBOW
Flexion contracture
RA Articular Manifestation: KNEE
Synovitis
Baker’s Cyst
RA Articular Manifestation: FOOT
Pes Planus
Stages of Joint Inflammation
Synovitis
Pannus formation
Ankylosis
1987 ACR Classification
Rheumatoid factor inc
Finger/Hand involvement
Rheumatoid nodules
Involvement of 3 or more joints
Stiffness in the morning
Erosions/decalcifications
Symmetric
2010 ACR Classification
Refer to Table
Functional Capacity in RA: CLASS 1
Complete fxnl capacity
Functional Capacity in RA: CLASS 2
Adequate fxnl capacity despite discomfort/LOM
Functional Capacity in RA: CLASS 3
Adequate fxnl capacity only few or none of the usual duties
Functional Capacity in RA: CLASS 4
Bedridden, confined to w/c, little or no self-care
Types of JIA
Polyarticular
Oligoarticular (Pauciarticular)
Systemic (Still’s Dse)
JIA
Persistent pain in ____ joints; for at least ____ weeks; commonly seen in _____
1 or more joints
6 weeks
<16 y/o girls
Tests for JIA
CRP & ESR elevated
(+) HLA-B27
(+) ANA
(+) Rheumatoid Factor
Characteristics of SLE
Discoid rash
Oral ulcers
Photosensitivity
ANA
Malar/Butterfly rash
Immunologic dse
Neurologic dse
Renal dse
Arthritis
Serologic
Hematologic (Felty’s)
Most sensitive test in SLE
(+) Anti-nuclear antibody
Non-erosive, reversible arthritis seen in SLE
Jaccoud’s Arthritis
Pathophysio of Scleroderma
Too much collagen production causing scarring/thickening of tissues
Types of Scleroderma
Localized
Diffused cutaneous systemic sclerosis
Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis
CREST Syndrome
Calcinosis
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Esophageal dysfunction
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia
Tests for Scleroderma
Anti-centromere (limited)
Anti SCL 70 or Anti-topoisomerase (diffused)
Pathophysiology for Polymyositis
CD8 cells against ENDOmysium
Test: Anti Jo-1
Pathophysiology for Dermatomyositis
CD4 cells against PERImysium
Test: Anti Mi-2
Pathognomonic skin findings in Dermatomyositis
Gottron papules
Heliotrope rash
Type 1 PM/DM
Primary Idiopathic Polymyositis
Type 2 PM/DM
Primary Idiopathic Dermatomyositis
Type 3 PM/DM
PM/DM with Malignancy
Type 4 PM/DM
PM/DM in Children
Type 5 PM/DM
PM/DM with other Vascular Disease
Type 6 PM/DM
Inclusion Body Myositis
Exocrine gland destruction secondary to lymphocyte infiltration
Sjogren’s Syndrome
Triad of Sjogren’s
Xeropthalmia (Dry Eyes)
Xerostomia (Dry Mouth)
Arthritis
bilateral parotid gland enlargement
Mikulicz Syndrome
painful intercourse d/t dry vagina
Dyspareunia
Tests for Sjogren’s
Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies
Anti-La/SSB antibodies
Schirmer Test
Lip/Parotid gland biopsy
Most dangerous complication related to Sjogren’s
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
inflammation of sites where tendons and/or ligaments insert into the bone
Enthesitis
Arthritis mutilans
(+) Telescoping Sign (Opera glass hand)
Psoriatic Arthritis (X ray)
Pencil in cup deformity
Characteristics of Psoriatic Arthritis
Telescoping Sign
Auspitz Sign
DIP joint affectation
Onycholysis
Koebner Phenomenon
Asymmetric
Hallmark of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Bilateral Sacroiliitis
Calcification of annulus fibrosus
Syndesmophytes
Ankylosing Spondylitis (X ray)
Squaring of vertebral bodies
Syndesmophytes
(+) Bamboo spine (late stage)
Ankylosing Spondylitis
(Extra-articular manifestations)
Aortic regurgitation
Acute anterior uveitis
Triad of Reactive Arthritis
Arthritis (Oligoarticular)
Conjunctivitis
Urethritis
MC bacteria in genitals causing Reactive Arthritis
Chlamydia
MC bacteria in bowel causing Reactive Arthritis
Campylobacter
Salmonella
Types of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Ulcerative Colitis (MC: rectum)
Chron’s dse (MC: ileum & colon)
Affects peripheral & axial joints (MC: Knee)
Enteropathic Arthritis
Findings in Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Auntie (F>M)
Uber HighESR & CRP
Negative (Seronegative)
Temporal arteritis/Giant cell arteritis
In the morning, pain & stiffness
Elderly (>50 y/o)
Proximal joint (MC: Shoulder)
cOrticosteroids
Low dose
Yun ang Hallmark
Hallmark of Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Low dose Corticosteroids
Hallmark of Gout
Tophi
Hallmark of Pseudogout
Chondrocalcinosis
Crystals (Gout)
Monosodium urate (uric acid)
Crystals (Pseudogout)
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
Joint involvement (Gout)
MC: 1st MTP (Podagra)
Knee (Gonagra)
Wrist (Cheiragra)
Joint involvement (Pseudogout)
MC: Knee
Wrist, Shoulder, MCP (2nd & 3rd)
Hallmark of Osteoarthritis
Asymmetric loss of cartilage space
MC Clinical finding in Osteoarthritis
Crepitus
MC Joint Involvement in OA
Knee
MC Spine Involvement in OA
C5-C6
Kellgren & Lawrence Classification
(Grade 0)
No x-ray changes
Kellgren & Lawrence Classification
(Grade 1)
Doubtful joint space narrowing
Kellgren & Lawrence Classification
(Grade 2)
Possible joint space narrowing
Definite osteophytes
Kellgren & Lawrence Classification
(Grade 4)
Marked narrowing of joint space
Large osteophytes
Definite deformity
Kellgren & Lawrence Classification
(Grade 3)
Definite narrowing of joint space
Moderate multiple osteophytes
Possible deformity
FIBROmyalgia Findings
Fatigue; F>M
Insomnia
Blues (Depression, Anxiety)
Rigidity (Stiffness)
Ouch (Pain)
Tender Points (Fibromyalgia)
Occiput
Lower cervical
Trapezius
Shoulder
Supraspinatus
2nd rib
Lateral epicondyle
Buttocks/Gluteals
Greater trochanter
Knee