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MES > Fractures & Bone Conditions > Flashcards

Fractures & Bone Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Bone formation

A

Osteoblasts

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2
Q

Matured Osteoblasts

A

Osteocytes

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3
Q

Bone resorption

A

Osteoclasts

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4
Q

Enchondral Dev’t Process

A

Hyaline Cartilage -> Invaded by blood vessels -> Replaced by bone

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5
Q

Membranous Dev’t Process

A

Osteoid matrix -> Calcifies -> Bone

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6
Q

Example of Enchondral bones

A

Sternum
Ribs
Scapulae
Spine
Pelvis
Long bones

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7
Q

Example of Membranous bones

A

Cranial Vault
Facial bones

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8
Q

BMD is influenced by:

A

Hormonal status
Dietary intake
Weight bearing activities

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9
Q

Peak of bone mass

A

1st 3 decades of life (35 y/o)

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10
Q

Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis

A

Reduced Osteoblastic activity
Increased Osteoclastic activity

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11
Q

MC area of fx in Osteoporosis

A

Midthoracic
Upper lumbar
Hip
Distal forearm

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12
Q

Modifiable Risk Factors (Osteoporosis)

A

Smoking
Alcoholism
Low Calcium intake
Early Pregnancy
Sedentary Lifestyle

Caffeine intake
Anorexia
Medication
Early Menarche

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13
Q

MC prescribed tx in Osteoporosis

A

Estrogen Therapy

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14
Q

MC form of short limb Dwarfism

A

Achondroplasia

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15
Q

Echondral Osteogenesis is retarded and ceased early

A

Achondroplasia

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16
Q

Characteristics of Achondroplasia

A

Brachycephalic
Small Face
Broad Forehead
Flat Nose
Prominent Jaw
Short Stature (4ft), Arms & Legs
Main en Trident
Bowing of Femur & Tibia

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17
Q

Milder form of Achondroplasia
Almost normal face & cranium

A

Hypochondroplasia

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18
Q

Normal Face & Cranium with short stature

Not obvious at birth (2 y/o)

A

Pseudoachondroplasia

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19
Q

Changes in Metaphysis that is similar to Rickets

A

Metaphyseal chondroplasia

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20
Q

Chondroectodermal Dysplasia AKA

A

Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome

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21
Q

Chondroectodermal Dysplasia Manifestations

A

Polydactyly
Dysplastic Fingernails

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22
Q

Chondrodysplasia Punctata AKA

A

Stippled Epiphyses

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23
Q

Irregularly stippled calcification in epiphysis

A

Chondrodysplasia Punctata or Stippled Epiphyses

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24
Q

Facial Features seen in Chondrodysplasia Punctata

A

Mongoloid Facie

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25
Q

Diastrophic Dwarfism Manifestations

A

External ear deformity
Club foot
Kyphoscoliosis
Hitchhiker’s Thumb

26
Q

Regions of increased bone mass

A

Osteosclerosis

27
Q

Marble bone

A

Osteopetrosis

28
Q

Osteropetrosis (X-ray)

A

(+) Celery stalk (bone within bone appearance)

29
Q

Spotted bone

A

Osteopoikilosis

30
Q

Muscle and fascia transform into immobile structures

A

Progressive Myositis Ossificans

31
Q

Progressive Diaphyseal Dysplasia AKA

A

Engelmann’s Disease

32
Q

Bone Disorders (Autosomal Dominant)

A

Marble bone (Osteopetrosis)
Achondroplasia
Spotted bone (Osteopoikilosis)
Hypochondroplasia

Progressive Diaphyseal Dysplasia (Engelmann’s Dse)
Progressive Myositis Ossificans

33
Q

Bone Disorders (Autosomal Recessive)

A

Diastrophic Dwarfism
Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome (Chondroectodermal Dysplasia)

34
Q

Bone Disorders (Both Autosomal Dominant & Recessive)

A

Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia
Chondrodysplasia Punctata (Stippled Epiphyses)

35
Q

Subchondral Calcification d/t lack of Vit D in infants/children

36
Q

Characteristics of Rickets

A

Coxa Vara
Bow leg
Scoliosis
Delayed closure of Fontanels

37
Q

Adult Rickets

A

Osteomalacia

38
Q

Lack of Vit C

39
Q

Skeletal overgrowth

A

Hyperpituitarism (GIgantism)

40
Q

Decreased production of growth hormone

A

Hypopituitary Dwarfism

41
Q

Paget’s Disease AKA

A

Osteitis Deformans

42
Q

Characteristics of Paget’s Disease

A

Thickening of cranium
Thickening & bowing of long bones
Kyphosis

43
Q

Stages of Bone Healing

A

Hematoma
Soft Callus
Hard Callus
Remodeling

44
Q

Bone Healing Time in Children

45
Q

Bone Healing Time in Adolescents

46
Q

Bone Healing Time in Adults

A

10-18 weeks

47
Q

Common Sites of Delayed Union

A

Tibia (20 weeks)
Femur (20 weeks)
Humerus (10 weeks)

48
Q

Classifies injuries of the Growth plate

A

Salter-Harris Classification

49
Q

Salter-Harris Classification I

A

Cartilage plate (Superficial)

50
Q

Salter-Harris Classification II

A

Growth plate and Metaphysis (Above)

51
Q

Salter-Harris Classification III

A

Epiphysis and Cartilage plate (Lower)

52
Q

Salter-Harris Classification IV

A

Epiphysis, Growth plate, Metaphysis (Through)

53
Q

Salter-Harris Classification V

A

Crushed growth plate (Erased)

54
Q

Garden Classification I

A

Incomplete femoral neck fx

55
Q

Garden Classification II

A

Complete undisplaced femoral neck fx

56
Q

Garden Classification III

A

Complete partially displaced femoral neck fx

57
Q

Garden Classification IV

A

Complete fully displaced femoral neck fx

58
Q

Le Fort Classification Type 1

A

Palate is separated from superior maxilla

59
Q

Le Fort Classification Type 2

A

Nasal bones, midportion of face & maxilla move

60
Q

Le Fort Classification Type 3

A

Middle of 3rd of face separates from upper 3rd of face
Craniofacial separation

MES (7 decks)

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