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English Basics > Rhetoric Midterm > Flashcards

Rhetoric Midterm Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

In the Rhetorical Triangle, what is the message?

A

Information, evidence, argument reasons, data, structure

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2
Q

In the Rhetorical Triangle, what is Audience?

A

Their beliefs, values, knowledge, and experience.

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3
Q

In the Rhetorical Triangle, what role does the communicator have?

A

ethos (credibility), authority correctness, appearance, eloquence

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4
Q

What does AUDIENCE stand for?

A 
Analysis
Understanding 
Demographics
Interest 
Environment 
Needs 
Customization 
Expectations
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5
Q

What is Analysis (AUDIENCE)?

A

Who is the audience?

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6
Q

What is Understanding (AUDIENCE)?

A

What is the audience’s knowledge of the subject?

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7
Q

What is Demographics (AUDIENCE)?

A

What is their background?

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8
Q

What is Interest (AUDIENCE)?

A

Why are they reading your document?

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9
Q

What is Environment (AUDIENCE)?

A

Under what circumstances, will this document be sent/viewed?

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10
Q

What is Needs (AUDIENCE)?

A

What are the audience’s needs associated with your document topic?

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11
Q

What is Customization (AUDIENCE)?

A

What specific interests should you address?

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12
Q

What is Expectations (AUDIENCE)?

A

What does the audience expect to learn from your document?

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13
Q

What do you have to keep in mind when addressing audience? (10)

A

age
Ÿgender
Ÿeducation
Ÿethnicity
Ÿpolitical philosophy
Ÿreligious beliefs
Ÿroles (student, professional, parent, citizen, owner, etc.)
Ÿinterests/hobbies
Ÿgeneral or specialized knowledge concerning topic (– = +)
Ÿpreconceptions concerning your topic
(likely to agree/disagree, eager/open or resistant)

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14
Q

What are audience values?

A

Beliefs in which one has an emotional investment–determine thought, belief, action, and opinion.

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15
Q

What is the difference between logical proof and rhetorical proof?

A

Logic deals with universal and certain truths where rhetorical proof deals with probable truths.

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16
Q

What is deduction?

A

Argument moves from a general stance inward.

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17
Q

What is induction?

A

Argument moves from a particular instance to similar instances to more general truth (usually based on experience)

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18
Q

Where does rhetorical reasoning come from?

A

Description, narration, statistics, and authorities.

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19
Q

What 2 things does ethos encompass?

A

Credibility of speaker and morality (based on values)

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20
Q

What are the other appeals? (5)

A

Tradition, Novelty (Modernity), Luxury, Authority, and commonality/simplicity

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21
Q

What is Kairos?

A

The precise or opportune moment, “supreme moment”

22
Q

How is a deductive argument sound?

A

If the conclusion is logically derived from the premises.

23
Q

Argument = ___________.

A

Premises + conclusion

24
Q

What is an inference?

A

Conclusion about the unknown based on the known.

25
Q

What is an assumption?

A

Usually something we learned previously and do not question.

26
Q

How are inferences and assumptions compared?

A

Inferences are the conclusions based on the assumptions we have made due to previous experience.

27
Q

Assuming that something is true before it is proven.

A

Begging the question

28
Q

A personal attack on someone’s character rather than on the argument itself.

A

Ad hominem fallacy

29
Q

An appeal to prejudices or inclinations–“majority”

A

Bandwagon (Ad populum) fallacy

30
Q

Avoiding countering an argument by introducing something unrelated to the original argument.

A

Red-herring fallacy

31
Q

A completely biased question where taking either side makes the person answering look bad.

A

Loaded-question fallacy

32
Q

Ideas or actions are acceptable because of the people associated with them

A

Appeal to False Authority fallacy

33
Q

Illogical conclusion based on poor evidence or faulty premises.

A

Non-sequitur fallacy

34
Q

What hasn’t been proven true is false; what hasn’t been proven false is true.

A

Appeal to ignorance fallacy

35
Q

A statement that uses a restatement of the argument as proof.

A

Circular argument fallacy

36
Q

Arguing that the origins or genetics of a person, object, or institution determine its worth.

A

Genetic fallacy

37
Q

Conclusion based on incomplete or insufficient biased evidence

A

Hasty generalization fallacy

38
Q

Ignores the complexities, variations, or exceptions of the situation

A

Oversimplification fallacy

39
Q

Where the words or phrases are ambiguous, therefore making the conclusion have more than one meaning or no meaning whatsoever.

A

Equivocation fallacy

40
Q

Oversimplification reducing the options down to two when in reality more than two may exist

A

Either/or Fallacy (false dilemma)

41
Q

Emphasizing one side of an argument and repressing the other

A

Card Stacking

42
Q

Regarding something abstract as a material, physical thing (partially personification)

A

Hypostazation

43
Q

Treating hypothetical situations as fact

A

Hypothesis contrary to fact

44
Q

The pure naming of something explains it

A

Nominal fallacy

45
Q

Ignoring a person’s actual position on the argument and substitutes an exaggerated or misrepresented version of the position.

A

Straw Man

46
Q

To discredit what a person might later claim by presenting unfavorable information (either true or false) about the person.

A

Poisoning the well

47
Q

A relatively small step leads to a chain of related events ending in an undesirable end.

A

Slippery slope

48
Q

Desiring something to be true/false, and therefore concluding that it is true/false

A

Wishful thinking

49
Q

Arguing that because B happened after A, A caused B

A

Post Hoc

50
Q

Comparing two things to make a point when it is like comparing apples and oranges.

A

False Analogy

51
Q

What are some statistical fallacies?

A

3-D Distortion, incomplete data (doesn’t go all the way to 0), misleading or incomplete labeling, differences in “average” (mean, median, and mode), insufficient documentation, and language that does not allow for another solution (750,000 will become pregnant)

English Basics (7 decks)

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