Rhetoric Final Flashcards
What is the common topic “definition”?
Whoever can manipulate the meaning of a word has the control.
What is the common topic “genus”?
Placing something in a group with other things like it.
What is the common topic “division”?
Dividing the components of something into different parts.
Ex: This is made up of a, b, and c.
What is the common topic “comparison”?
Explaining and exploring the similarities and differences
What is the common topic “relationship”?
Exploring the cause and effect of any given situation.
What is the common topic “antecedent and consequence”?
“If….Then” statements–similar to cause and effect, but more usage of the trigger “If…Then”
What is the common topic “contraries”?
Exploring complete opposites or opposition
What is the common topic “contradiction”?
Exploring denial (rather than opposition)–Either or statements
What is the common topic “circumstance”?
Describes something proposed as either possible or impossible in order to encourage or discourage an audience.
What is the common topic “testimony”?
What have experts said about X?
What has been counted or measured about X?
What is the common topic “precedents”?
Exploring past cases or examples of a situation to determine how to decide.
Are there similar cases or examples of X?
What are the special topics in the judicial branch?
Justice/injustice; right/wrong
accuse or defend) (past
What are the special topics in the legislative branch?
Worthiness/Unworthiness; advantageous/disadvantageous
future
What are the special topics in the demonstrative branch?
Virtue/Vice (present)
What are the 6 deadly sins of statistics?
- Stats made from unusual populations and applying them to an entire population.
- Attaching great importance to some difference in statistical data.
- Comparison of 2 sets of data that wouldn’t arouse suspicion if they were left by themselves.
- When two words in statistical analyses are used interchangeably when they shouldn’t be.
- Comparing a statistic with a supposed “baseline statistic” when that baseline isn’t correct.
- Misinformation–the source is incorrect.
What are the 6 categories of Aristotelian argument?
Exordium Narratio Propositio Confirmatio Refutatio Peroratio
What is Exordium?
The introduction to a topic
What is Narratio?
Explanation and provision of background information on the topic
What is Propositio?
Presentation of the position or stance
What is Confirmatio?
Presentation of proof–give evidence
What is Refutatio?
Pacification of the opposing argument–nullification
What is Peroratio?
Conclusion–invitation to envision a better future
What are the 6 categories of the Toulminic Argumentation form?
Claim Grounds Warrant Backing Rebuttal Qualification
What is the Claim?
The position or claim being argued for; the conclusion of the argument.
What are the Grounds?
Reasons or supporting evidence that bolster the claim.
What is the Warrant?
The principle, provision or chain of reasoning that connects the grounds/reason to the claim.
What is the Backing?
Support, justification, reasons to back up the warrant.
What is the Rebuttal?
Exceptions to the claim; description and rebuttal of counter-examples and counter-arguments.
What is Qualification?
Specification of limits to claim, warrant and backing; the degree of conditionality asserted.
What are the 4 elements of Rogerian argument?
- Make a claim
- Consider opposition
- Presents evidence
- Promotes mutual learning (the opposition would benefit from changing its mind because…)
What is a litote?
Use of an understatement
(“It’s just a flesh wound.”
What is anastrophe?
Inversion of natural word order (Yoda talk)
What is antithesis?
Juxtaposition of opposing ideas, often in parallel structure
“Many are called, but few are chosen.”
What is epistrophe?
Repetition of the same word (or group of words) at the end of successive clauses
What is metonymy?
Substitution of a word to describe the whole
“The pen is mightier than the sword”
What is paradox?
An apparently contradictory statement containing some element of truth
What is erotema?
Asking a question not for an answer but for the purpose of asserting or denying something indirectly.
What is anthimeria?
Substitution of one part of speech for another
“I’ll unhair thy head!”
What is asyndeton?
Deliberate omission of implied words for rhetorical effect
What is tinting?
A color mixed with white.
What is shading?
A color mixed with black.
What is toning?
A color mixed with gray.
What are the primary colors?
Red, blue, and yellow
What are the secondary colors?
Orange, green, and violet
What are the tertiary colors?
The combination of a primary and secondary color (primary always goes first.)
What is monochromatic coloring?
Using the same color but with different shades and tints.
What is analogous coloring?
These are adjacent colors on the color wheel.
What is complementary coloring?
Colors directly opposite from one another.
What is split complementary coloring?
The two colors adjacent to the original color’s complete opposite.
What is triadic coloring?
3 colors that are equidistant from one another.
What is tetradic coloring?
2 sets of complementary colors.
