Rhetoric

Question 1

What are the three components of the story model?

Answer 1

1. Visual component
2. Emotional content
3. Narrative format

Question 2

What are the three Aristotelian modes of persuasion?

Answer 2

1. Pathos
2. Ethos
3. Logos

Question 3

What is pathos?

Answer 3

An appeal to emotion.

Question 4

What is ethos?

Answer 4

An appeal to credibility.

Question 5

What is logos?

Answer 5

An appeal to logic.

Question 6

Why are logical arguments persuasive?

Answer 6

Because reason is used in service of the truth; not because of something inherently true about logic.

Question 7

Which is more important:

Arguing through values?
-or-
Arguing through laws and facts?

Answer 7

Arguing through values.

Question 8

What are the values in Haidt’s moral matrix?

Answer 8

Care-harm
Authority-subversion
Loyalty-betrayal
Liberty-oppression
Fairness-cheating
Sanctity-degradation

Question 9

Describe the liberal value matrix.

Answer 9

Care-harm ^
Authority-subversion v
Loyalty-betrayal v
Liberty-oppression ^
Fairness-cheating ^
Sanctity-degradation v

Question 10

Describe the libertarian value matrix.

Answer 10

Liberty-oppression ^^^^^^^^^^

Question 11

Describe the conservative value matrix.

Answer 11

All of ‘em even

Question 12

According to Haidt, what brings about a just society?

Answer 12

Everyone’s reputation being on the line.

Question 13

According to Haidt, what are the two prongs of accountability?

Answer 13

1. An explicit expectation that one will be called upon to justify one’s beliefs, actions, or feelings to others
2. A belief that people will reward or punish us based on how well we justify ourselves

Question 14

Explain what Haidt means when he says we live like intuitive politicians.

Answer 14

We strive to maintain appealing moral identities in front of our multiple constituencies.

Question 15

Is closing really even that useful?

Answer 15

Yes, but more so in shorter trials. An advocate has “diminishing marginal utility” - the longer a trial is, the less closing will matter.

Question 16

What are the four choices you have re: stance (in order)?

Answer 16

1. Facts - use them if they’re in your favor
2. Definitions - redefine terms to work for you
3. Quality - make the opponent’s argument seem less important
4. Relevance - claim the whole discussion is irrelevant

Question 17

What are three things to consider in building your rhetorical structure?

Answer 17

1. Set your goals and argument tense: past, present, or future
2. Choose to emphasize: character, logic, or emotion
3. Make sure the time and medium are ripe for persuasion