RHC

Question 1

Research

Answer 1

A systematic process of gathering, analyzing and concluding information based upon a phenomena of interest, in order to increase understanding of that phenomena

Question 2

Characteristics of research (5)

Answer 2

• Begins with a question
• Results with an increase in knowledge
• Process (scientific process)
• Systematic and diligent
• Knowledge is gathered through by searching, asking and discovering

Question 3

Ways of acquiring information

Answer 3

• Tradition
• Experience
• Trial-and-error
• Borrowing
• Intuition
• Authorities
• Logical reasoning (inductive and deductive)
• Scientific method

Question 4

Research (experimental and non experimental)- subdivisions

Answer 4

Experimental: True experiment and quasi experiment

Non-experimental: Descriptive and correlational designs

Question 5

True experimental and Quasi experiment

Answer 5

True experiment

• Control of experimental situation
• Randomisation
• Manipulation of independent variable

Quasi experiment

• Lack of randomisation
• Lack of control of experimental situation

Question 6

Reasons for research in health sciences (5(

Answer 6

• Enhance the cost-effectiveness of healthcare
• Healthcare improvements
• Seek evidence of strengths and weaknesses in healthcare
• Create a foundation for self-correction of misinterpretations
• Earning and defending professional status

Question 7

Roles of healthcare professionals in research (5)

Answer 7

• Form part of a research team
• Independent researcher
• Evaluator of research findings
• Active user of research findings
• Advocacy for patients

Question 8

Define Evidence Based Practice

Answer 8

Practice that involves the integration of the best research findings, a client’s values and clinical expertise.

Question 9

Difference between an original research article and a review article

Answer 9

Original research article:

• Written by the researchers
• Includes the research question, purpose of the study and hypothesis
• Includes the research findings
• Includes an interpretation of the results

Review article:
- Summarises and reviews older publications on the research question/ subject

Question 10

Different types of reviews

Answer 10

• Narrative reviews
• Systematic reviews
• Meta-analysis

Question 11

The hierarchy of evidence (ranking of evidence)- EBP

Answer 11

• Clinical practice guidelines
• Meta analysis
• Systematic review
• Randomised controlled trials
• Cohort studies
• Case controlled studies
• Case reports, case series, experts’ opinions
• Animals and laboratory studies